1892 



Vaughn, J. M. , E. F. Landry, T. Vicale,and P. Davis. 1979. 



Viruses in a tertiary sewage treatment-aquaculture system: Shellfish and 

 shellfish-growing waters. Informal report prepared for the Woods Hole 

 Oceanographic Institution by the Land and Freshwater Environmental Sciences 

 Group, Dept. Energy and Environment, Brookhaven National Laboratory Inc., 

 BNL-25702 (limited distribution), 13 p. 



This preliminary study used cultures of bacteriophage MS-2 obtained from 

 Dr. Zsigray of the University of New Hampshire. Mercenaria mercenaria were 

 allowed to accumulate virus for 18 to 24 hrs, then placed in raceways and 

 samples collected at intervals. Temperature in raceways was maintained at 

 15°C. Elimination of MS-2 from quahogs required 17 days, as compared with 

 about 26 days with oysters (Crassostrea virginica) . This appeared to be 

 somewhat longer than predicted by Liu et al.(1967) for depuration of polio- 

 virus types 1 and 3. It is recommended that a depuration period of 20 to 

 25 days be used for shellfishes in virus-free ESL raceway waters. - J.L.M. 



1893 



Verber, James L. 197 6. 



Safe shellfish from the sea. Am. Soc . Limnol. Oceanogr., Spec. Symp. 2: 

 433-441. 



This report deals with the closing of areas in New York Bight and off Dela- 

 ware Bay to surf clam harvesting. It also contains general information on 

 the history of the National Shellfish Sanitation Program, and landings of 

 Mercenaria mercenaria, oysters, surf clams, and soft clams from 1944 to 

 1974. - J.L.M. 



1894 



Verduin, Jacob. 1969. 



Hard clam pumping rates: Energy requirement. Science 166(3910): 1309-1310. 



This paper challenges conclusions drawn by Hamwi and Haskin (1969) on oxygen 

 consumption and pumping rates of Mercenaria mercenaria. Using their data the 

 author concludes that the regression of pumping rate on oxygen consumption is 

 not linear, but curvilinear. The line drawn by Hamwi and Haskin predicts zero 

 oxygen consumption when pumping rate is 0.84 1/hr, which is obviously not 

 true. The curve gives a non-pumping rate of respiration of about 1.5 ml 

 02/hr/clam. The author also concluded that there is nothing in the data to 

 suggest that pumping rate is regulated by oxygen requirement; rather, the O2 

 consumption required to power the pump at maximum rate is about 5 times 

 "greater" than it is at the minimum rate. In aerobic respiration the caloric 

 value of fuel consumed is about 0.112 calorie/micromole O2 consumed. Thus, 

 pumping of a liter of water at maximum rate burns about 7.5 calories of 

 respiratory substrate. At minimum rates the pump is more efficient, requiring 

 only about 1.5 calories of fuel per liter pumped. - J.L.M. 



1895 



Vernberg, F. John, C. Schlieper, and David E. Schneider. 1963. 



The influence of temperature and salinity on ciliary activity of excised 

 gill tissue of molluscs from North Carolina. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 8(3): 

 271-285. 



Mercenaria (Venus) mercenaria is not mentioned. - M.W.S. 



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