increases were by opportunistic species, which are considered to be most 

 subject to predation. Species which avoid predation by living deeply or 

 retracting quickly into the substrate were least affected, and were usually 

 the dominant species in the community. All species increased in enclosures, 

 which suggested that their population densities are not controlled by 

 competitive interactions. Infaunal population sizes were limited by predation 

 and not by food or space. Severe predation pressure and physical disturbances 

 keep population levels far below the carrying capacity of the environment. 

 Severe predation, rapid growth, short generation times, and rapid turnover 

 rates of infaunal communities, despite a low standing crop, suggest that such 

 communities are an important food source for predator species important to man. 

 - from Dissert. Abstr. Internatl. 37(2): 597-B - J.L.M. 



1905 



Virnstein, Robert W. 1977. 



The importance of predation bv crabs and fishes on benthic infauna in 

 Chesapeake Bay. Ecology 58(6): 1199-1217. 



No mention of Mevaenavia mevaenavia. In summary, however, the point is made 

 that shallow water infaunal communities are highly stressed; species 

 populations are not resource limited, but rather are predator controlled; 

 and these communities are an important food source for predatory species 

 important to man. - J.L.M. 



1906 



Vishniac, Helen S. 1955. 



The morphology and nutrition of a new species of Sirolpidium. Mycologia 

 47 (5) : 633-645. 



Sirolpidium zooph.th.ovum (n.sp.), a marine fungus parasitic on larvae of 

 American oyster and Mevaenavia mevaenavia, makes good growth at temps ranging 

 from 20 to 30°C in defined media containing appropriate inorganic salts, 

 glucose or soluble starch, NaH-glutamate, thiamine, and small amounts of agar, 

 if initial pH is between 6.7 and 7.5. The morphology is described in detail. 

 This was the first marine phycomycete to be described in pure culture. - 

 J.L.M. 



1907 



Vogel, H. 1933. 



Himasthla muehlensi n. sp., ein neuer menschlicher Trematode der Familie 

 Echinostomidae. Zentbl. Bakt. ParasitKde 127: 385-391. 



According to Cheng et al. (1966) and Cheng (1967) , abstracted elsewhere in 

 this bibliography, Vogel reported a human infected with this intestinal 

 trematode after eating raw Mevaenavia mevaenavia in New York. This was a 

 German citizen, who later, on arrival in Germany, complained of 

 gastrointestinal disturbances. The worms were passed after treatment with 

 an antihelmintic . It can be assumed that metacercaria of H. muehlensi 

 occur in hard clams from the east coast of the U.S. although it has yet to 

 be found. - J.L.M. 



1908 



Vokes, Harold E. 1967. 



Genera of the Bivalvia: A systematic and bibliographic catalogue. Bull. Am. 

 Paleontol. 51(232): 103-394. 



Class Bivalvia, Subclass Heterodonta, Order Veneroida, Suborder Venerina, 

 Superfamily Veneracea, Family Veneridae, Subfamily Venerinae : Venus Linnaeus, 

 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed 10): 684. Venusavius (emend, pro Venus Linnaeus, 1758) 

 Dumeril, 1806, Zool. Anal., 168. Venusavius Froriep, 1806, Dumeril's Anal. 

 Zool., 189 /Jenus Linnaeus, 1758/. - J.L.M. 



530 



