1995 



Wheat, Maxwell C. , Jr. 1962. 



Eelgrass - A controversial link in the chain of life in our marine waters. 

 The Conservationist, N.Y. State Conserv. Dept., Feb. -Mar. 1962: 28-30. 



A review of the catastrophic decline of eelgrass beds in the Long Island 

 area in the early 1930s and its gradual return, including some of the efforts 

 to rehabilitate the resource and some problems and beneficial effects of 

 eelgrass to man. Eelgrass as a substrate for setting of clams (species not 

 identified, but certainly including Mercenaria mercenaria) is mentioned. 

 Clams are able to move a little on the eelgrass blades, but this consists of 

 climbing up or dropping a short distance on the leaves, later to dig into 

 the bottom. - J.L.M. 



1996 



Wheeler, Charles L. 1952. 



Massachusetts hard and soft clam planting program. 3rd Ann. Conf . on clam 

 research, Boot'hbay Harbor, Me. U.S. Dept. Interior, Fish Wildl. Serv.: 

 41-44. 



Hard clam plantings have been generally successful. Most of the work is done 

 by the Towns, but the State contributes. - J.L.M. 



1997 



Wheeler, Charles L. 1955. 



Shellfish management in Massachusetts. 5th Ann. Conf. on Clam Research, 

 Boothbay Harbor, Me. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv.: 30-31. 



Assistance is rendered in 2 ways : financial, to the amount of $20,000/yr to 

 aid in elimination of predators and aid municipal propagation projects; and 

 advisory, on request. Approximately 4,000 bu are transplanted each year, 

 closed for fishing for various periods, then opened. - J.L.M. 



1998 



Whetstone, Jack M., and Arnold G. Eversole. 1978. 



Predation on hard clams, Mercenaria mercenaria, by mud crabs, Panopeus 

 herbstii. Proc . Natl. Shellf. Assn. 68: 42-48. 



Decapod crustaceans made up 88.5% of the predators collected. Clam shell 

 bits were in stomachs in 4 species Panopeus herbstii, Callineotes sapidus, 

 Menippe mercenaric , and Eurypanopeus depressus . Shell bits were found in 

 15.8% of the 279 F. nerbstii examined. Shell bits were more often found in 

 larger crabs. Clam mortalities decreased with increasing clam size and 

 with decreasing water temp. Frequency of shell bits in stomachs of P. 

 herbstii parallelled clam mortality. Some size selection process appeared 

 to be operating. - J.L.M. 



1999 



White, J. C. , Jr., and J. W. Angelovic. 1965. 



Acute radiation LD50 values at different times after irradiation for several 

 marine organisms. In Ann. Rept. Bu. Comm. Fish. Radiobiol. Lab., Beaufort, 

 N.C. BCF Circ. 244: 40-42. 



According to Templeton et al. (1971) , abstracted elsewhere in this bibli- 

 ography, these authors stated that radiation tolerances must be described 

 as time curves for mean lethal dose rather than the usual LD50/30. - J.L.M. 



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