2000 



White, John C, Jr., and Joseph W. Angelovic. 1966. 



Tolerances of several marine species to Co^O irradiation. Chesapeake Sci. 

 7(1) : 36-39. 



No original research on Mereenaria mereenaria is reported. References to 

 this species are by citation of a paper by Price (1965) , abstracted elsewhere 

 in this bibliography. Some reanalysis of Price's data is included, showing 

 that although mean lethal doses (LD50) for Crassostrea virginiea and 

 M. mereenaria were similar at about 30 days, overall radiation tolerances 

 were quite different. For the first 25 days after exposure oyster was much 

 more resistant to radiation than hard clam, but from 25 to 50 days oyster 

 has a much higher mortality. - J.L.M. 



2001 



White, James T. 1968. 



The destruction of clams by sea lettuce. Underwater Nat. 5(1): 27. 



The Shrewsbury and Navesink Rivers in N.J. have rich clam beds of Mya arenavia 

 and Mereenaria mereenaria which have supported a clam industry for a long 

 time. Many acres of clam beds are destroyed in summer by Viva laetuca, which 

 breaks loose and collects in areas where currents are slight. Clams which 

 normally live buried in the bottom were found in summer lying on the surface 

 of the bottom, dead. It was concluded that mats of sea lettuce on the bottom 

 suffocate clams underneath. After sea lettuce dies off in late fall, beds are 

 reseeded by setting of larvae from adjacent beds. The mortality described was 

 soft clams. The inference is that hard clams may also be killed. - J.L.M. 



2002 



White, K. M. 1937. 



Mytilus. Liverpool Mar. Biol. Coram. Mem. 31, 177 p. 



Listed in Brown (1950) in bibliography for Venus mereenaria with reference to 

 chapter by Pierce, abstracted elsewhere in this bibliography. - J.L.M. 



2003 



Whitlatch, Robert B. 1977. 



Seasonal changes in the community structure of the macrobenthos inhabiting 

 the intertidal sand and mud flats of Barnstable Harbor, Massachusetts. Biol. 

 Bull. 152 (2) : 275-294. 



Although Mereenaria mereenaria would be expected to occur in the area, it was 

 not included in the community studied, probably because emphasis was on 

 intertidal benthos and on a sedimentary environment. Deposit-feeders made up 

 over 90% of the organisms sampled. - J.L.M. and M.W.S. 



2004 



Whitman, Barbara. 1978. 



Shellfish survey a success story. Taf frail 3(3): page no. not included in 

 xerox copy supplied by interlibrary loan. 



Greenwich Cove, Conn., which has been closed to shellfishing since 1961, was 

 surveyed in 1977. Large numbers of hard clams were found in mud and clay 

 bottom types. Of these, 66% were chowder size, 28% cherrystones, and only 

 1% littlenecks. The remaining 5% were seed (less than legal size). It is 

 suggested that if the Cove is reopened to shellfishing it should be for 

 recreational use only. The complete report is available for study at the 

 Marine Center. - J.L.M. 



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