structure of the organic matrix of regenerated shell differs from that in 

 normal shell in Crassostrea virgin-tea but not in M. meraenaria. Oyster shell 

 is calcitic, hard clam aragonitic. The normal matrix of hard clam shell is 

 6-keratin, so is regenerated shell. Regenerated shell in oyster is calcite 

 and aragonite, in hard clam only aragonite. The matrix can influence 

 crystal type. Regenerated hard clam shell does not have altered matrix 

 structure or altered crystal type. - J.L.M. 



2015 



Wilbur, Karl M., and Louise H. Jodrey. 1952. 



Studies on shell formation. I. Measurement of the rate of shell formation 

 using Ca 4 5. Biol. Bull. 103: 269-276. 



Crassostrea virginiaa was the experimental animal. Meraenaria (Venus) 

 meraenaria is not mentioned. - M.W.S. 



2016 



Wilbur, Karl M., and Louise H. Jodrey. 1955. 



Studies on shell formation. V. The inhibition of shell formation by carbonic 

 anhydrase inhibitors. Biol. Bull. 108(3): 359-365. 



Meroenaria (Venus) meraenaria is not mentioned. - M.W.S. 



2017 



Wilbur, Karl M., and Gareth Owen. 1964. 



Growth. Chapter 7 in Physiology of Mollusca. Vol. 1. Karl M. Wilbur and 

 C. M. Yonge (eds.) . Academic Press, New York: 211-242. 



Haskin (1954) used percent weight increment against initial size in g to 

 measure relative growth of V. meraenaria, because age determination was 

 uncertain. At initial size of about 10 g weight increased about 300% in 

 1 yr, 25 g about 120%, 50 g about 60%, 100 g about 30%, 150 g about 15%, 

 and 200 g about 10%. Rate of filtration decreases with size increase which 

 means reduced intake of food per unit weight of tissue. Pratt and Campbell 

 (1956) found growth rate was a function of abundance of small diatoms in 

 environment, but such correlation not necessarily meaningful; conditions 

 favorable to production of large blooms may also favor growth of mollusks. 

 Growth of Venus is negligible below 10°C. Usually growth rate is a function 

 of temp. Loosanoff (1959) found approximately rectilinear growth for 

 M. meraenaria between 18 and 30°C, but in individual experiments the rate 

 decreased with temp increases of a few degrees within the viable range or 

 showed relatively little change. Papers cited are abstracted elsewhere in 

 this bibliography. - J.L.M. 



2018 



Wilbur, Karl M., and Norimitsu Watabe. 1963. 



Experimental studies on calcification in molluscs and the alga Coaaolithus 

 huxleyi. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 109(1): 82-112. 



Meraenaria meraenaria and other species were held in running water, or in 

 aerated seawater which was renewed frequently. Shell of hard clam is 

 aragonitic. When a hole was bored in the shell the clam did not alter its 

 crystal type in regeneration. - J.L.M. and M.W.S. 



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