2019 



Wilbur, Karl M., and C. M. Yonge (eds.) . 1964 and 1966. 



Physiology of Mollusca. Volumes 1 and 2. Academic Press, New York. 



This valuable review should be consulted for details. References to 

 Meraenaria (Venus) meraenaria cited in the text have been abstracted and 

 appear elsewhere in this bibliography under the names of authors Morton and 

 Yonge, Newell, Fretter and Graham, Raven, Walne, Wilbur and Owen, Wilbur, 

 Robertson, and Hoyle. These volumes contain also extensive general 

 information on lamellibranchs , much of which can be taken as generally 

 applicable to Meraenaria. - J.L.M. 



2020 



Wilcox, J. Ross, and H. Perry Jeffries. 1974. 



Feeding habits of the sand shrimp Crangon septemspinosa. Biol. Bull. 146(3): 

 424-434. 



The species of Crangon have diverse feeding habits. Among materials found 

 in the digestive tract have been bivalves. In the natural environment, 

 mollusks (species not mentioned) were a minor element in the diet in R.I. 

 waters. In laboratory feeding studies fresh Meraenaria, frozen Artemia, 

 and hard-boiled egg gave best growth. - J.L.M. 



2021 



Wildman, Robert D. 1974. 



Aquaculture in the National Sea Grant Program. NOAA Tech. Rept. NMFS Circ. 

 388: 41-56. 



At the time of writing about 2 0% of Sea Grant funds were being spent on 

 aquacultural development. Research on more than 30 species of shellfish, 

 finfish, and algae is described briefly. The appendix contains a list of 

 projects underway. Work on hard clam included use of aggregates, broken 

 shell or rock for protection of seed against predation, efforts to develop 

 pond culture of Japanese littleneck clams in Hawaii, and closed-cycle 

 aquaculture. In the U.S. Virgin Islands nutrient-rich water from a depth 

 of 830 m is used to culture diatoms, mainly Cyclotella nana, which are fed 

 to Crassostrea virginica and Meraenaria meraenaria, giving unusually fast 

 growth. - J.L.M. 



2022 



Wilhelmi, Raymond W. 1944. 



Serological relationships between Mollusca and other invertebrates. Biol. 

 Bull. 87 (1) : 96-105. 



Meraenaria (Venus) meraenaria is not mentioned. From results of precipitin 

 tests on other molluscan species the author concluded that, serologically and 

 developmentally , Mollusca are more closely related to Annelida than to any 

 other group of invertebrates when lipid-free materials are used as antigens. 

 The results suggest that Mollusca evolved from animals which also gave rise 

 to present-day Annelida. - J.L.M. and M.W.S. 



2023 



Wilkens, Lon A., and Michael J. Greenberg. 1973. 



Effects of acetylcholine and 5-hydroxytryptamine and their ionic mechanisms 

 of action on the electrical and mechanical activity of molluscan heart smooth 

 muscle. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 45 (2A) : 637-651. 



Conclusions were based on experiments with Modiolus demissus . Meraenaria 

 (Venus) meraenaria is not mentioned except indirectly by reference to papers 

 abstracted elsewhere in this bibliography. - J.L.M. and M.W.S. 



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