2125 



Garlo, Elizabeth V. 1980. 



Abundance and distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates near Little Egg 

 Inlet, New Jersey, from 1972 to 1974. Internatl. Revue Gesamt. Hydrobiol. 

 65 (3) : 345-356. 



No mention of Mercenaria mercenaria. - M.W.S. 



2126 



Garnas, R. L.,and D. G. Crosby. 1979. 



Comparative metabolism of parathion by intertidal invertebrates. In 

 Marine Pollution: Functional Responses. Winona B. Vernberg, Frederick P. 

 Thurberg, Anthony Calabrese, and F. John Vernberg (eds.) . Academic Press, 

 New York: 291-305. 



Mercenaria mevoenavia lacked the ability to oxidize parathion, and in less 

 aerobic conditions reduced it to amino parathion and was capable of nitro- 

 reductase activity. This was the only reference to hard clam in this 

 paper. - J.L.M. 



2127 



Gaylinn, B. D . , and W. H. Johnson. 1978. 



The proteolysis of a-paramyosin during extraction from Mercenaria mercenaria. 

 Biophys. J., Muscle proteins II, 21(3): 44a (abstract M-PM-E6). 



Paramyosin isolated from adductor muscles of Mercenaria mercenaria contains 

 three distinct forms designated a, B, and y . 6 and y-paramyosins appear to 

 be degradation products while a-paramyosin is the native form. We have 

 evidence that this degradation is caused by the action of bacteria carried 

 over into the extraction step of the isolation procedure. This proteolysis 

 can be slowed by antibiotics or completely prevented with the reducing 

 agent . 5 mM dithiothreitol or with 0.01 M EDTA or by extraction under acid 

 conditions. The native protein is thought to be in the reduced state, and 

 dithiothreitol can serve a dual purpose in the extraction step, thus 

 avoiding the loss in yield caused by EDTA. We believe these organisms, 

 identified as Vibrio and Pseudomonas types, exist within the adductor muscle 

 tissue. - modified authors' abstract - J.L.M. 



2128 



Gaylinn, B. D., W. H. Johnson, L. B. Cooley, and L. C. DeMarco. 19 77. 



Some factors effecting the extraction and purification of a-paramyosin from 

 Mercenaria mercenaria. Biophys. J. 17(2), Muscle proteins and structure II: 

 122a (abstract TH-AM-16) . 



We have developed several methods of extraction which yield principally a- 

 paramyosin, and little 6- and y-paramyosin, which were thought to be degra- 

 dation products of a-paramyosin, the native form. A modified acid extraction 

 following the method of Hodge gives good yields. Inclusion of antibiotics in 

 the extraction medium and use of osmotic shock in the initial stages of the 

 ethanol methods of Johnson et al. have given a-paramyosin in smaller yields. 

 All -the methods employed to extract the a- form are consistent with the 

 hypothesis that degradation of a-paramyosih is a result of the proteolytic 

 activity of marine bacteria carried over from the animal into the extraction 

 steps. We have observed bacterial growth during extraction in procedures 

 which yield 6 and y forms. Preliminary evidence suggests that these bacteria 

 are capable of growth in 0.6 M KC1, pH 7. 5, and 4°C and that antibiotics which 

 we have used give protection in short term extractions. We suggest that the 

 types of marine psychrophillic, halophillic bacteria isolated from shellfish 

 by Colwell and Liston and shown by them to have high proteolytic activity 

 may be responsible for the effects which we have observed, and may be a 

 complicating factor in extraction of other proteins from tissues of marine 

 invertebrates. - modified authors' abstract - J.L.M. 



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