2137 



Greig, Richard A. 1979. 



Trace metal uptake by three species of mollusks. Bull. Environm. Contain. 

 Toxicol. 22(4-5): 643-647. 



Oyster, surf clam and ocean quahog were studied. Meveenavia meveenavia was 

 not used. American oysters took up more of all metals studied than the 

 other two species, especially copper. - J.L.M. 



2138 



Hammen, C. S. 



1978. 



Metabolic rates of marine bivalve mollusks determined by calorimetry. 

 Physiologist 21(4): 49 (abstract). 



fhe 



Rates of heat production (Q H ) of 4 species of bivalve, a gastropod, and a 

 decapod crustacean were determined with a differential heat-retention calo- 

 rimeter, and rates of oxygen consumption (Q_) of the same animals were de- 

 termined by standard manometric methods. Q„ varied with species from 1.6 

 to 6.2 J/hr/gram tissue, and Q varied from 1.8 to 4.1 micromoles/hr/g. 

 The equivalent ratios for Mercenaria meveenavia were 1.15, which indicated 

 that rate of oxygen consumption was too low to represent accurately the 

 total metabolism of this species. - modified author's abstract - J.L.M. 



2139 



Hammen , C . S . 



1979. 



Heat production and oxygen consumption as measures of total energy metabo- 

 lism in marine bivalve mollusks. Am. Zool. 19(3): 941 (abstract). 



Experiments with Mereenavia mereenavia indicated that large fractions of 

 the heat production observed during maximum oxygen consumption must be 

 caused by anaerobic processes. - modified author's abstract - J.L.M. 



2140 



Hare, P. 



1965-1966. 



Amino acid composition of the extrapallial fluid in mollusks. 

 Inst. Washington Yearbook: 364-365. 



Carnegie 



The shell of mollusks is formed in the presence of extrapallial fluid, a 

 thin layer of fluid filling the space between mantle and inner surface of 

 shell. The organic matrix of the shell is apparently secreted by the mantle 

 as a soluble polymer into the extrapallial fluid from which it later precip- 

 itates. There are remarkable similarities as well as remarkable differences 

 between amino acid composition of soluble protein in the extrapallial fluid 

 and that of the largely insoluble organic matrix of the shell. The greatest 

 difference is in relative amount of histidine, which makes up approximately 

 25% of total amino acids in extrapallial fluid but less than 1% in organic 

 matrix of shell. There is also a marked contrast in amounts of proline and 

 cystine, which are enriched by a factor of 7 for proline and of 20 for 

 cystine in shell matrix protein. Cysteic acid is recovered from a hydrolyzed 

 sample of extrapallial fluid. The comparative values of amino acid residues 

 per thousand total residues in shell protein and extrapallial fluid of Mer- 

 eenavia are: aspartic acid 209/184; threonine 49/56; serine 83/95; glutamic 

 acid 75/71; proline 117/17; glycine 99/108; alanine 55/36; cystine 20/1; 

 valine 33/30; methionine 12/9; isoleucine 26/20; leucine 34/31; tyrosine 

 45/16; phenylalanine 36/14; lysine 63/38; histidine 5/250; and arginine 

 44/34. Electrophoresis of protein in a dialyzed aliquot from extrapallial 

 fluid of Mevoenavia showed a single band. Elution of this band and hydrol- 

 ysis furnished a mixture of amino acids extremely high in histidine. The 

 fact that histidine remains after dialysis shows that most of it is bound 

 rather than free. - J.L.M. 



595 



