2147 



Hochachka, Peter W. 19 80. 



Living Without Oxygen. Closed and Open Systems in Hypoxia Tolerance. 

 Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, Mass., xi + 181 p. 



It is well known that the hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria, can live out of 

 water for extended periods . During anaerobic respiration calcium carbonate 

 is mobilized from the shell, inside the pallial line. Glycolysis leads to 

 succinate formation, and the succinate is ultimately converted to propionate 

 if anoxia is extreme and extended. Under ideal conditions anaerobic metab- 

 olism can continue for three weeks or possibly more, and the clam immediately 

 reverts to aerobic respiration on being returned to seawater. Mercenaria 

 mercenaria is not mentioned in this book, but much of the discussion is per- 

 tinent. Chapters include: Anaerobic Metabolism: What Can and What Cannot 

 Change, Helminths and the Usefulness of Carbon Dioxide, Coupled Glucose and 

 Amino Acid Catabolism in Bivalve Molluscs (oyster, mussel and mud clam are 

 discussed), Coupled Glucose and Arginine Metabolism in Cephalopods, Key 

 Elements of Anaerobic Glycolysis, Integrating Aerobic and Anaerobic Glycol- 

 ysis, Integrative Mechanisms in Hypoxia-Adapted Fish, Air-Breathing Fish, 

 and Diving Marine Mammals. - J.L.M. 



2148 



Hubschman, Jerry H. 1979. 



The lowly invertebrates: An historical perspective. Ohio J. Science 79(6): 

 243-248. 



On our side of the Atlantic Indians were using mollusk shells for trading 

 purposes. The coastal Indians from Maine to Texas made wampum by cutting 

 and grinding beads from Mercenaria mercenaria. This species was especially 

 useful because it had a distinct blue (purple) region in the shell. This 

 blue area is absent in the southern species M. campechiensis . There is a 

 zone of confrontation somewhere north of Montauk Point and south of Cape 

 Cod, between New England and Manhattan clam chowder. Try both. Recipes 

 are included. - J.L.M. 



214 9 



Jeffries, Harry P. 1964. 



Comparative studies on estuarine zooolankton. Limnol. Oceanogr. 9(3): 

 348-358. 



The seasonal cycle of zooplankton in Raritan Bay, N.J. was compared with 

 Narragansett Bay, R.I. and the York River, Va. to determine the effects of 

 local conditions on latitudinal gradients in species distribution. Lamelli- 

 branchs proliferated in each estuary during May. The first peak consisted 

 primarily of Mya arenaria and Mevaenaria mercenaria was responsible for the 

 second peak in July and August. Maximum representation of Meroenaria 

 occurred first in the York River, then in Raritan Bay, and finally in Narra- 

 gansett Bay. Production of lamellibranch larvae was higher in 1958 than 

 19 57, about 50 fold at the upper end of Raritan Bay and about 3 fold toward 

 the mouth. This may have been caused by the operation of a trunk sewer, 

 which began to discharge in January 1958. - J.L.M. 



2150 



Johnson, J. Kent. 1977. 



A study of the shell length of Mercenaria meroenaria in relation to bottom 

 sediments of Little Bay, New Jersey. Bull. N. J. Acad. Sci. 22(2): 52 

 (abstract) . 



Shell length of 1,895 Mercenaria mercenaria collected from 10 sites in 

 Little Bay was correlated with particle size characteristics of sediment 

 from each site. A highly significant correlation r = 0.88, p <0.001, was 

 established between mean shell length and a measure of central tendency of 

 particle size. The significant correlations, and the comparison of shell 

 length with cumulative curves of clam colonies and measures of central 



598 



