Size classes, however, are labeled as follows: lupo (<8 cm TL), 

 lupota (8-20 cm TL), malauli (20-50 cm TL), ulua (50-80 cm TL), 

 and sapo'anae (>80 cm TL). Frank Williams assisted with the 

 identifications and synonymies of most Carangoides and Uraspis. 

 Decapterus and some Carangoides were identified by William F. 

 Smith-Vaniz who also furnished or confirmed most of the re- 

 maining synonymies. 



Alectis ciliaris (Bloch, 1787). Noasami (juvenile), to'uto'u (sub- 

 adult). 

 Alectis ciliaris — Jordan and Seale, 1906. 



Atule mate (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833). 

 Decapterus lundini — Jordan and Seale, 1906. 

 As Caranx lundini, Schultz, 1943. 



Carangoides caeruleopinnatus (Riippell, 1830). Lalafutu, filu. 



Carangoides dinema (Bleeker, 1851). 

 A specimen was handlined from 80 m. 



Carangoides ferdau (Forsskal, 1775). 

 Carangoides ferdau — Jordan and Evermann, 1905. 

 As Caranx ferdau and C. gilberti, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and 

 as C. ferdu, Schultz, 1943. 



Carangoides hedlandensis (Whitley, 1934). 

 Caranx plumbeus — Jordan and Seale, 1906. 

 As Caranx armatus, Schultz, 1943. This species has been refer- 

 red to as ciliaris which is a nomen dubium (Williams et al. 1980). 



Carangoides orthogrammus Jordan and Gilbert, 1881. 



Junior synonyms are jordani, nitidus, and the subspecies gym- 



nostethoides evermanni. (ANSP 144898.) 

 Carangoides plagiotaenia (Bleeker, 1857). 



Williams lists this as the "probable" identity for the Samoan 



specimen he examined. Junior synonyms include vomerinus, 



compressus, and brevicarinatus. 



Caranx ignobilis (Forsskal, 1775). Sapo'anae. 



Caranx ignobilis (part) and C. marginatus — Jordan and Seale, 

 1906. 



Caranx lugubris Poey, 1861. Tafauli. 

 Caranx adscensionis — Schultz, 1943. 



Caranx melampygus Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833. 



Malauli-apamoana, atugaloloa. 



Caranx melampygos — Schmeltz, 1879. 

 Caranx papuensis Alleyne and Macleay, 1877. Malauli-sinasama. 



Caranx ignobilis (part) — Jordan and Seale, 1906. 

 Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy and Gaimard, 1825. Malauli- 



matalapo'a. 



Caranx hippos — Gunther, 1876. 



As C. forsteri, Jordan and Seale, 1906. 

 Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833). 



Atuleau, namuauli 

 Decapterus macrosoma Bleeker, 1851. Atuleau, namuauli. 



Most recent authors have misapplied the name lajang to this 



species according to Smith-Vaniz. 

 Elegatis bipinnulatus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825). Samani. 

 Gnathanodon speciosus (Forsskal, 1775). Lupovai (juveniles). 



Caranx speciosus — Jordan and Seale, 1906. 



As Caranx speciosus, Schultz, 1943. 

 Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus, 1758). Atualo. 



Caranx rottleri — Gunther, 1876. 

 Scomberoides lysan (Forsskal, 1775). Lai. 



Chorinemus toloo — Schmeltz, 1866. 



As Scomberoides sancti-petri, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and 



Schultz, 1943. 



Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch, 1793). Nato (<10 cm TL), 



atule (10-20 cm TL), taupapa (>20 cm TL). 



Caranx crumenophthalmus — Schmeltz, 1865. 



As Trachurops crumenophthalma, Jordan and Seale, 1906 



and as T. crumenophthalmus, Schultz, 1943. 

 Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810). 

 Seriola rivoliana Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 



1833. Tafala, palu-kata, tavai. 



This identification was confirmed by Smith-Vaniz. 



(ANSP 145118.) 

 Trachinotus baillonii (Lacepede, 1802). Lalafutu, lai. 



Tachynotus bailloni — Gunther, 1876. 

 Trachinotus blochii (Lacepede, 1802). Alalafutu, lalafutu. 



Trachynotus ovatus — Schmeltz, 1866. 



As Trachinotus ovatus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 



1943. 

 Uraspis secunda (Poey, 1860). Malauli-gutupa'e, lufi. 



Coryphaenidae (Dolphins) 



Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus, 1758. Masimasi. 

 Coryphaena hippurus — Schultz, 1943. 



Leiognathidae (Ponyfishes) 



Ponyfishes are known as mumu in Samoa. 



Gazza minuta (Bloch, 1795). 



Gazza equuliformis — Borodin, 1932. 

 *Leiognathus equula (Forsskal, 1775). 



Equula edentula — Steindachner, 1906. 



This species is recorded only from Upolu. 

 Leiognathus fasciatus (Lacepede, 1803). 



Equula filigera — Schmeltz, 1 865 . 



Bramidae (Pomfrets) 



Taractichthys longipinnis (Lowe, 1843). Manifi-moana. 

 This is a pelagic species commonly caught by tuna longline 

 vessels and occasionally by local handline fishermen in deep 

 water. 



Caesionidae (Fusiliers) 



Members of this family, known as atule-toto or ulisega, occupy 

 the midwater habitat and seldom take a baited hook. They are, 

 thus, difficult to collect except by a diver with a spear which ex- 

 plains why only two species were previously recorded from 

 Samoa. Gerald R. Allen confirmed the identifications. 



Caesio caerulaureus Lacepede, 1801. 



Caesio caerulaureus — Jordan and Seale, 1906. 

 Caesio xanthonotus Bleeker, 1853. 



Caesio erythrogaster — Schmeltz, 1869. 

 Pterocaesio chrysozona (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 



1830). 

 Pterocaesio kohleri Schultz in Schultz et al., 1953. 

 Pterocaesio tile (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830). 



Lutjanidae (Snappers) 



The general name for shallow water snappers in Samoa is mu. 



15 



