1943. Stethojulis phekadopleura has been applied to the initial 

 color phase and casturi to the terminal phase (Randall and Kay, 

 1974). 



Thalassoma amblycephalum (Bleeker, 1856). Sugale-aloama. 



Julis melanochirus — Schmeltz, 1865. 



As Thalassoma marnae (juvenile color phase), Schultz, 1943. 



Thalassoma melanochir has been used for the adult phase. 

 Thalassoma fuscum (Lacepede, 1802). Uloulo-gatala (initial 



phase), pata'ota'o (terminal male). 



Julis trilobata — Schmeltz, 1866. 



As Thalassoma fuscum and T umbrostigma (part), Jordan and 



Seale, 1906 and as T. trilobata and T. umbrostigma (part), 



Schultz, 1943. The initial color phase of this species is similar to 



that of purpureum and both have been labeled umbrostigma. 

 Thalassoma hardwickei (Bennett, 1830). Sugale-a au, lape-ele'ele. 



Julis schwanfeldii — Schmeltz, 1869. 



As Thalassoma dorsale, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as T. hard- 



wicke and T. schwanenfeldii, Schultz, 1943. 

 Thalassoma lutescens (Lay and Bennett, 1839). Sugale-samasama. 



Julis aneitensis — Giinther, 1909. 



Thalassoma purpureum (Forsskal, 1775). Uloulo-gatala (initial 



phase), patagaloa (terminal male). 



Thalassoma purpureum, T. cyanogaster, and T. umbrostigma 



(part) — Jordan and Seale, 1906. 



As T purpureum and T umbrostigma (part), Schultz, 1943. 

 Thalassoma quinquevittatum (Lay and Bennett, 1839). Lape- 



moana. 



Julis guntheri—Schmdtz, 1866. 



As Thalassoma guntheri, Jordan and Seale, 1906. 

 Wetmorella albofasciata Schultz and Marshall, 1954. La'ofia. 



(BPBM 28132.) 

 Wetmorella nigropinnata (Seale, 1901). La'ofia. 

 Xyrichtys aneitensis (Giinther, 1862). 



Sugale-tatanu (Am. Samoa), ulumalo (W. Samoa). 



Randall believes that niveilatus is a junior synonym. (BPBM 



17455, 22717.) 

 Xyrichtys celebicus (Bleeker, 1856). Sugale-tatanu (Am. Samoa), 



ulumalo (W. Samoa). 



Scaridae (PaiTOtfishes) 



Fuga is the general name for small to medium sized parrot- 

 fishes. Reddish brown individuals are sometimes referred to as 

 fugamea and greenish blue species are called fugausi. Larger in- 

 dividuals are termed laea (20-50 cm TL) or galo ( > 50 cm TL). 

 Because of the relative uniformity amongst the meristic and other 

 characteristics (except live coloration) of parrotfishes, the tax- 

 onomy of this family has long been confused. Initial and terminal 

 color phases were usually assigned different names and numerous 

 synonyms have accumulated over the years for most species. 

 Underwater observations of courtship and reproductive behavior, 

 color photographs of live and fresh-dead specimens, and extensive 

 collection efforts, however, have resulted in considerable 

 synonymy and revision beginning with the work of Schultz (1958) 

 and continuing through the present. For many species, further 

 study is still required. The list which follows reflects the current 

 opinion of John E. Randall who also assisted with the identifica- 

 tions. Included are the results of the study by Randall and Choat 

 (1980) of centra] and South Pacific Scarus and the review by Ran- 

 dall and Bruce (in press) of Western Indian Ocean parrotfishes. 



Bolbometopon muricatum (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valencien- 

 nes, 1839). Uluto'i (<20 cm TL), laea-uluto'i (20-50 cm TL), 

 galo uluto'i (>50 cm TL). 



Calotomus sandwicensis (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valencien- 

 nes, 1839). Fuga-valea. 



Callyodon molluccensis — Schmeltz, 1869. 



Callyodon spinidens is a junior synonym. 

 Cetoscarus bicolor (Riippell, 1829). Fuga-sina (juvenile), mamanu 



(initial phase, <25 cm TL), laea-mamanu (initial phase, >25 cm 



TL), laea-usi (terminal phase). 



Chlorurus bicolor — Schultz, 1958. 

 Hipposcarus longiceps (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 



1839). Ulapokea (<25 cm TL), laea-ulapokea (>25 cm TL). 



Pseudoscarus harid — Giinther, !909. 

 *Leptoscarus vaigiensis (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824). 



Scarichthys coendeopunctatus — Schmeltz, 1874. 

 Scarus atropectoralis Schultz, 1958. 



This species was observed only at Rose Atoll. Randall writes 



that Schultz (1969) incorrectly placed the species in synonymy 



with caudofasciatus, an Indian Ocean species. 

 Scarus brevifilis (Giinther, 1909). Laea-sina. 



Callyodon prasiognathus — Jordan and Seale, 1906. 



As Scarus brevifilis and 5. chlorodon, Schultz, 1958. The initial 



color phase has been referred to as brevifilis and the terminal 



phase as chlorodon. 

 Scarus dimidiatus Bleeker, 1859. Fuga-alosama. 



Callyodon fumifrons (initial phase) and C. zonularis (terminal 



male) — Jordan and Seale, 1906. 



As Scarus caudofasciatus (terminal male) and S. dimidiatus 



(initial phase), Schultz, 1943. 



Scarus festivus Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840. 



Scarus lunula is a synonym. 

 Scarus frenatus Lacepede, 1802. Laea-mea (initial phase), laea- 



si'umoana (terminal phase). 



Callyodon upolensis — Jordan and Seale, 1906. 



Terminal males have been referred to as frenatus and ver- 



miculatus, and sexvittatus has been used for the initial color 



phase (Randall 1963b). 

 Scarus frontalis Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1839. 



Callyodon latax — Jordan and Seale, 1906. 



As Scarus jonesi, Schultz, 1943. 

 Scarus ghobban (Forsskal, 1775). Fuga-alova. 



Scarus maculosus — Schmeltz, 1865. 

 Scarus gibbus Riippell, 1828. Fugausi (<25 cm TL), laea (25^10 



cm TL), ulumato (40-50 cm TL), galo (>50 cm TL). 



Scarus microcheilos — Schmeltz, 1865. 



As Callyodon ultramarinus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as 



Scarus microrhinos, Schultz, 1943. 

 Scarus globiceps Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840. 



Scarus globiceps — Fowler, 1900. 



As Callyodon spilonotus, Jordan and Seale, 1906. 

 Scarus japanensis (Bloch, 1789). Fuga-si'umu (initial phase), 



laea-ulusama (terminal phase). 



Callyodon abacurus and C. pyrrhurus — Jordan and Seale, 1906. 



Scarus capistratoides is a junior synonym (Randall and Choat 



1980). 

 Scarus niger (Forsskal, 1775). Fuga-pala «25 cm TL), laea-pala 



(>25 cm TL). 



Callyodon niger — Steindachner, 1906. 



As Callyodon maoricus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as Scarus 



nuchipunctatus, Schultz, 1943. 



23 



