A Historical and Descriptive Account of Pacific 



Coast Anadromous Salmonid Rearing Facilities and 



a Summary of Their Releases by Region, 1960-76 



ROY J. WAHLE and ROBERT Z. SMITH 1 



ABSTRACT 



A brief history of the artificial culture of salmonid fishes in North America is presented. The 

 report contains a Pacific coast section followed by sections for each of six major regions on the coast: 

 Alaska, British Columbia, Washington coastal and Puget Sound, Columbia Basin, Oregon coastal, 

 and California. The Columbia Basin is further divided into three subregions. The Pacific coast section 

 provides information on current production of anadromous salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) and trout 

 {Salmo spp.). Each regional or subregional section contains a short history and background, a map 

 with current rearing facilities located, a general hatchery information table, and migrant release 

 tables summarized by species. In the final portion of the report, changes in numbers of facilities, 

 species reared, rearing techniques, and size at time of release are discussed. 



INTRODUCTION 



When the report on the "Releases of Anadromous 

 Salmon and Trout from Pacific Coast Rearing Facilities, 

 1960 to 1973" by Roy J. Wahle, William D. Parente, 

 Paula J. Jurich, and Robert R. Vreeland (1975) was 

 published, it had three main objectives: 1) to provide 

 past and present trends in artificial production of Pacif- 

 ic coast anadromous fish, 2) to supply base information 

 needed for analysis of production practices, and 3) to 

 bring together in a single source, detailed release informa- 

 tion from all anadromous fish rearing facilities in Alaska, 

 British Columbia, Washington, Idaho, Oregon, and Cali- 

 fornia. In fulfilling these objectives, it was necessary for 

 Wahle et al. (1975) to be very detailed. We have pre- 

 pared this summary report to provide the reader with a 

 more readily usable, quick reference to anadromous fish 

 production on the Pacific coast, Alaska to California, 

 from 1960 to 1976. 



In addition to a section on interpretation and organ- 

 ization, this report includes a general history section cov- 

 ering artificial salmonid propagation in North America. 

 The history is followed by a coast-wide summary and 

 sections for Alaska, British Columbia, Washington 

 coastal and Puget Sound, Columbia Basin, Oregon 

 coastal, and California. The last portion of this report 

 deals with hatchery production trends. These include 

 changes in numbers of hatcheries, species reared, rearing 

 techniques, and the size of fish at time of release. 



The two appendix tables have been provided to allow 

 maximum use of the informational tables in each 

 regional section. Appendix Table 1 has an alphabetized 

 list of Pacific coast rearing facilities along with the region 

 for each. This table can be used as an index for locating 



'Environmental and Technical Services Division, National Marine 

 Fisheries Service, NOAA, 811 NE. Oregon Street, P.O. Box 4332, Port- 

 land. OR 97208. 



individual facilities in the report. Appendix Table 2 con- 

 tains information on all State, Federal, or Provincial 

 agencies rearing anadromous fish on the Pacific coast. It 

 includes addresses, phone numbers, and people to con- 

 tact with each of these agencies. 



The Columbia Basin, containing portions of Washing- 

 ton, Idaho, and Oregon, has been handled separately be- 

 cause of: 1) the large geographical area drained by a com- 

 mon river system; 2) the constant interaction of diverse 

 resource agencies and interested user groups; 3) the need 

 for evaluation of production and habitat improvement 

 measures within the Basin; and 4) the contribution and 

 value of Columbia Basin anadromous salmonids to Pa- 

 cific coast fisheries. 



Each regional section includes a short history and 

 background, a map with the facilities located, a general 

 hatchery information table, and a release summary 

 table. The general information table lists the approxi- 

 mate location, species reared, operating and funding 

 agencies, year of construction, and the operational status 

 in 1976 for the facilities in each region. 



Unless otherwise cited, all historical information on 

 early hatcheries has been based on Cobb (1931). One 

 area of possible confusion to the reader concerns the use 

 of agencies "names." During the years fish have been 

 artificially propagated in the United States, many of the 

 agencies concerned have undergone name changes. In 

 this report, we have attempted to use agency names as 

 taken from the literature rather than the names that may 

 be in current use. 



INTERPRETATION AND ORGANIZATION 



Six species of salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) and two of 

 anadromous trout (Salmo spp.) are included in this 

 report. Because of their current economic and rec- 

 reational importance, the primary species considered are 

 chinook, 0. tshawytcha, and coho, 0. kisutch, salmon, 



