of hatcheries in all the Pacific Coast States. After a short 

 time, the taking of eggs for transportation became sec- 

 ondary to augmenting runs in Pacific coast streams by 

 rearing and releasing the fish (Stone 1874). From these 

 beginnings emerged the Pacific coast salmon rearing in- 

 dustry. 



PACIFIC COAST 



With today's increasing use of the fishery resource and 

 the continuing degradation of the environment necessary 

 for proper spawning and freshwater rearing of anadro- 

 mous salmonids, it has become necessary to augment 

 natural production if we are to maintain viable sport and 



commercial fisheries. From 1960 through 1976 a total of 

 189 facilities, including 120 hatcheries and 69 rearing 

 ponds and net pens, have made production releases for at 

 least 1 yr. During this period, 3.44 billion migrant salm- 

 on and steelhead trout weighing over 105 million lb (47.6 

 million kg) have been released (Tables 1, 2). Annual mi- 

 grant production of all species increased from 152 million 

 fish weighing 1.7 million lb (0.77 million kg) at release in 

 1960 to 294 million fish weighing 11.1 million lb (5.03 

 million kg) in 1976. 



Alaska 



Most early Alaska hatcheries were located in the 



Table 1.— Migrant releases of chinook and coho salmon and steelhead trout— Pacific coast 1 (in thousands). 





Fall chinook 



Spring ( 

 Number 



:hinook 

 Pounds 



Summer chinook 

 Number Pounds 



Coho 



Winter steelhead 

 Number Pounds 



Summers 

 Number 



teelhead 



year 



Number 



Pounds" 



Number 



Pounds 



Pounds 



1960 



117.680.3 



556.6 



7,636.3 



228.8 



0.0 



0.0 



14,490.7 



444.3 



2,593.5 



315.2 



233.0 



310 



1961 



103,220.8 



672.7 



5,315.2 



197.9 



0.0 



0.0 



26,148.8 



864.6 



2,522.8 



314.6 



674.5 



97.3 



1962 



86,121.5 



544.5 



5,690.7 



244.8 



0.0 



0.0 



27,333.4 



995.8 



3,509.1 



390.5 



723.8 



73.4 



1963 



99,806.7 



658.9 



9,421.1 



370.1 



0.0 



0.0 



30,987.2 



1,123.5 



2,922.8 



332.9 



1,336.4 



146.8 



1964 



106,684.2 



752.1 



13,963.7 



499.8 



0.0 



0.0 



30,275.5 



1,309.0 



4,221.9 



556.6 



1,784.5 



221.0 



1965 



95,918.6 



740.6 



7,302.7 



303.7 



0.0 



0.0 



34,746.8 



1,516.8 



4,216.2 



536.5 



1,660.4 



185.2 



1966 



95,712.4 



891.7 



11,645.7 



477.1 



0.0 



0.0 



40,422.2 



1,931.2 



6,166.6 



829.x 



1,770.2 



223.3 



1967 



96,386.1 



885.8 



14,063.7 



644.6 



0.0 



0.0 



40,276.6 



2,059.9 



5,784.1 



774.2 



3,316.5 



401.2 



1968 



112,534.2 



1,174.8 



13,877.8 



863.3 



2,138.3 



13.6 



38,371.4 



2,119.1 



6,077.0 



828.6 



4,860.0 



580.0 



1969 



124,125.1 



1,266.4 



10,392.1 



804.6 



2,121.3 



20.2 



47,988.0 



2,814.4 



6,380.0 



886.1 



4,814.1 



593.9 



1970 



137.757.4 



1,603.8 



16,879.7 



1,478.1 



4,228.2 



35.4 



48,209.4 



2,751.3 



7,101.9 



1,047.7 



6,795.4 



1,041.3 



1971 



168,388.9 



1,706.2 



14,726.1 



1,151.0 



2,184.5 



37.0 



51,182.3 



3,039.6 



8,733.5 



1,090.6 



8,143.4 



1,091.5 



1972 



166,678.2 



2,019.1 



16,546.0 



1,401.3 



2,604.9 



42.6 



58,858.9 



3,772.7 



9,247.3 



1,263.9 



6,399.9 



998.7 



1973 



162,515.8 



2,266.4 



17,604.5 



1,761.6 



2,312.6 



34.3 



53.400.0 



3,178.5 



8,680.1 



1,243.3 



8,111.9 



972.5 



1974 



149.968.2 



2,504.4 



16,506.1 



1,353.1 



1,202.8 



43.0 



56.580.9 



3,453.1 



8,060.6 



1,088.7 



10,048.1 



1,285.3 



1975 



157.707.6 



2,554.7 



21,389.5 



1.848.6 



120.8 



3.1 



60,936.3 



3,854.5 



7,376.7 



1,067.2 



7,126.3 



1,068.1 



1976 



163.110.3 

 2.144,316.3 



2,775.9 

 23,574.6 



22.462.0 

 225.422.9 



1,974.0 

 15,602.4 



880.5 



42.7 



271.9 



62,928.3 

 723.136.7 



3,710.3 

 38,938.6 



8,895.7 

 102,489.8 



1,360.6 

 13,926.3 



7,043.2 

 74,841.6 



1,035.2 



Total 



17,793.9 



10,045.7 



'Data derived from Wahle et al. (1975) prior to 1974 and from appropriate State, Federal, and Provincial records thereafter. 

 -1 lb = 0.454 kg. 



Table 2.— Migrant releases of chum, pink, sockeye, and cherry salmon and sea-run cutthroat trout- 

 coast 1 (in thousands). 



Pacific 





< 'hum 



Pink 



Soc 



keye 



Cherry 



Sea-run 

 Number 



cutthroat 



year 



Number 



Pounds- 



Number 



Pounds 



Number 



Pounds 



Number 



Pounds 



Pounds 



1960 



5,031.6 



8.8 



555.5 



2.5 



3,177.0 



69.2 



0.0 



0.0 



155.4 



42.8 



1961 



4,774.1 



13.0 



0.0 



0.0 



2,788.0 



72.5 



0.0 



0.0 



189.4 



52.6 



1962 



1,859.3 



4.6 



145.7 



0.5 



2,224.0 



43.8 



0.0 



0.0 



292.0 



77.6 



1963 



5,454.4 



9.3 



0.0 



0.0 



3,125.4 



67.8 



0.0 



0.0 



139.8 



48.0 



1964 



3,358.5 



6.9 



525.3 



0.9 



3,364.0 



58.8 



0.0 



0.0 



258.7 



64.3 



1965 



3,116.7 



5.8 



0.0 



0.0 



3,301.0 



73.6 



0.0 



0.0 



231.9 



52.4 



1966 



1,785.4 



6.0 



421.0 



1.3 



73.0 



1.6 



0.0 



0.0 



395.9 



95.3 



1967 



1,827.0 



6.4 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



554.2 



128.7 



1968 



1,264.3 



3.7 



602.8 



1.4 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



561.6 



121.3 



1969 



2,448.0 



5.8 



0.0 



0.0 



23.4 



0.7 



0.0 



0.0 



531.9 



126.3 



1970 



1,563.0 



4.4 



774.9 



2.4 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



639.5 



139.8 



1971 



3,839.6 



9.0 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



815.6 



169.1 



1972 



5,624.2 



17.2 



1,957.9 



5.1 



2.5 



( 3 ) 



0.0 



0.0 



491.8 



122.0 



1973 



6,565.5 



20.5 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



26.1 



3.2 



585.9 



151.8 



1974 



10,012.1 



34.1 



1,211.9 



3.5 



0.0 



0.0 



44.4 



4.3 . 



462.3 



112.4 



1975 



29,637.5 



88.2 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



1.0 



0.1 



471.8 



118.2 



1976 



23,779.9 



86.6 



4,850.4 



8.7 



16.2 



0.6 



0.5 



0.1 



496.9 



132.5 



Total 



111,941.1 



330.3 



11,045.4 



26.3 



18,094.5 



388.6 



72.0 



7.7 



7,274.6 



1,755.1 



'Data derived from Wahle et al. (1975) prior to 1974 and from appropriate State, Federal, and Provincial records 

 thereafter. 

 z l lb = 0.454 kg. 

 'Less than 100 lb. 



