Map Facility 



No 





Map 

 No 



Facility 



1 



Nooksack 





23A 



Domseo Farms-Freshwater 



2 



Lummi Ponds and Net Pens 





23B 



Domsea Farms— Saltwater 



3 



Bellingham 





24 



Seward Park 



4 



Samish 





25 



Little Clam Say 



5 



Skagit 







Manchester 



6 



Harrison Pond 





26 



Issaquah 





Barnaby Pond 





27 



Hood Canal 



7 



Bowmans Bay 





28 



Minter Creek 



S 



Whidbey Island Rearing Pond 



29 



Green River Hatchery 



9 



Arlington 





30 



Green River Pond 



10 



Blue Slough 





3 1 



Gig Harbor 



1 1 



Whitehorse 





32 



Shelton 



12 



Olympic Rearing Channel 





33 



George Adams 



13 



Peninsula College 





34 



Totem Marine (Tocoma Net Pens) 



1 4 



Tulalip 





35 



Sooth Tocoma 



IS 



Dungeness 







Garrison Creek 



IS 



Sultan Pond 







Chambers Creek 



17 



Skykomish Hatchery 





36 



South Sound Net Pens 



18 



Sfcykomish Rearing Ponds 





37 



Puyallup Trout 



19 



Quilcene 





38 



Squaxin Islond Net Pens 



20 



Elliot Boy Net Pens 





39 



Puyallup Salmon 



21 



Tokul Creek Hatchery and 



Pond 



40 



Percival-Deschutes Complex 



22 



Gorst Creek Pond 







(including Capital Lake) 





Not 



Shown - Misc 



Northwest 





Stee 



Iheaders Net 



Pens 





By 1900, State hatcheries were being constructed on 

 the Wenatchee, Wind, Little Spokane, Methow, and 

 Klickitat Rivers (Berg 1968). In addition, the U.S. Fish 

 Commission constructed a station on the Little White 

 Salmon River in 1897, supplemented by an auxiliary sta- 

 tion on the Big White Salmon River. All these early 

 hatcheries concentrated their efforts on chinook salmon 

 fry plants. Coho salmon fry and chinook salmon finger- 

 ling releases became more prevalent after 1900, especial- 

 ly at the Federal facilities. In addition, some steelhead 

 trout and chum salmon fry were also produced. In 1932, 

 the Washington State legislature divided the anadro- 

 mous fish programs between two newly created agencies. 

 The Washington Department of Fisheries (WDF) as- 

 sumed responsibility for salmon and the Washington De- 

 partment of Game (WDG) became responsible for trout 

 (steelhead and sea-run cutthroat). 



The program of artificial propagation in Washington 

 continued at about the same level until the early 1940's 

 when the Columbia River Development Program (see 

 Columbia Basin section) became active in this area. 

 Under the Program, fish ladders were built over impassi- 

 ble barriers and log jams were removed from such 

 Columbia River tributaries as Abernathy Creek and the 

 Kalama, Cowlitz, Wind, and Klickitat Rivers to open up 

 new spawning areas that were previously blocked to mi- 

 grating fish. New hatcheries including Willard National 

 Fish Hatchery (NFH), Klickitat, and Skamania were 

 constructed, and Spring Creek NFH, Little White NFH, 

 and Carson NFH remodeled. 



From 1960 to 1976, 30 hatcheries and 12 rearing ponds 

 raised anadromous salmonids in this region (Table 14). 

 In 1976, the USFWS operated 3 hatcheries and 2 hatch- 

 ery complexes, WDF operated 10 hatcheries and 5 ponds, 

 and WDG operated 11 hatcheries and 4 ponds. The two 

 USFWS hatchery complexes, Little White Salmon NFH 

 and Leavenworth NFH, were formed in 1976 by placing 



one and two formerly independent stations (Willard, and 

 Winthrop and Entiat, respectively) under the managers 

 of these two complexes. Although the facilities in this 

 region are scattered throughout the Columbia River 

 drainage, there is a large concentration in the lower river 

 and its tributaries within 75 mi of Portland, Oreg. (Fig. 

 6). 



This region, with 1.2 billion migrant releases between 

 1960 and 1976, is the largest producer of salmon and 

 steelhead trout on the coast. In 1976 releases numbered 

 92.6 million smolts, 31% of the coastal total, weighing 3.4 

 million lb (1.5 million kg), 31% of the total (Tables 15, 

 16). 



Columbia Basin-Idaho. — Artificial production of 

 salmon and steelhead in Idaho began around the turn of 

 the century. A substation of Clackamas Hatchery, oper- 

 ated in Oregon by the U.S. Commission of Fish and Fish- 

 eries, was constructed on the Salmon River to take salm- 

 on and steelhead eggs. Additionally, eggs were shipped 

 into the State from Clackamas Hatchery and another of 

 its substations, Little White Salmon Hatchery, located 

 in Washington. Fry hatched were released to the Pahsim- 

 eroi and Lemhi Rivers as well as the Salmon River 

 (Leach 1932, 1933). This substation was phased out dur- 

 ing the mid-1930's when the Federal hatchery system 

 underwent a drastic budget reduction. 



In addition to the Federal hatchery, the State of Idaho 

 included a few salmon and steelhead with trout pro- 

 grams of their early hatcheries. In one example, the State 

 took eggs from brood steelhead trout trapped in the 

 Lewiston Dam fish ladder, eyed them in a spring at 

 Hatwai Creek, and reared them at Grangeville 

 Hatchery. 6 



All of the early hatchery efforts were minor in scope. 

 The State relied instead on wild stocks offish to perpetu- 

 ate the anadromous fish runs. In 1956, because of the de- 

 cline in the stocks, the Columbia River Development 

 Program extended to the upper Columbia and Snake 

 Rivers. (See the Columbia Basin section.) Under the Pro- 

 gram, natural spawning and rearing areas were increased 

 in Idaho through, among others, the construction offish- 

 ways over Sellway Falls and the now removed Lewiston 

 Dam in the Clearwater River drainage and Dagger Falls 

 on the Middle Fork Salmon River. Approximately 220 

 screens were built on irrigation diversions to prevent the 

 loss of fish onto irrigated fields. Obstructions and debris 

 were also removed from tributaries of the Clearwater 

 River. 



It had become obvious by 1960 that the increase in the 

 number of dams in the Columbia and Snake Rivers had 

 caused upstream passage problems for adult fish and 

 downstream mortality for juvenile fish. About this time, 

 Idaho Power Company was required to construct fish 

 rearing facilities below Oxbow Dam on the Snake River, 

 and more attention was focused on rearing anadromous 

 fish in Idaho's hatcheries (Chaney and Perry 1976). 



'D. Ortmann, Idaho Department of Fish and Game. Boise, ID 83707 

 pers. commun. September 1976. 



13 



