Table 15.— Migrant releases of chinook and coho salmon and steelhead trout — Columbia Basin- Washington' (in thousands). 





Fall chinook 



Spring chinook 

 Number Pounds 



Summer 

 Number 



chinook 

 Pounds 



Coho 

 Number Pounds 



Winter steelhead Summers 

 Number Pounds Number 



teelhead 



vear 



Number 



Pounds" 



Pounds 



1960 



57,338.0 



242.0 



1,218.1 



39.1 



0.0 



0.0 



3,849.0 



93.2 



545.1 



64.8 



136.4 



20.9 



1961 



33,531.9 



241.5 



667.7 



27.1 



0.0 



0.0 



9,161.6 



259.3 



586.5 



73.1 



417.6 



57.2 



1962 



42,537.5 



233.2 



1,822.5 



61.2 



0.0 



0.0 



6,802.2 



197.0 



715.5 



97.0 



355.5 



41.1 



1963 



42,646.2 



238.7 



1,680.9 



55.3 



0.0 



0.0 



15,096.9 



428.9 



568.7 



74.4 



767.2 



95.0 



1964 



40,611.0 



240.8 



3,607.1 



120.3 



0.0 



0.0 



9,833.6 



401.5 



647.6 



111.3 



1,192.0 



166.8 



1965 



37,073.6 



234.4 



2,072.4 



77.7 



0.0 



0.0 



13,950.5 



557.5 



943.7 



151.8 



1,176.7 



135.4 



1966 



38.121.2 



322.5 



2,425.4 



67.1 



0.0 



0.0 



17,932.4 



811.1 



879.1 



117.1 



1,175.5 



150.0 



1967 



34,969.8 



313.1 



3,269.7 



122.0 



0.0 



0.0 



15,092.7 



709.6 



992.8 



138.1 



1,460.3 



214.0 



1968 



42,448.4 



405.5 



2,399.9 



121.0 



2,138.3 



13.6 



12,256.9 



653.3 



792.2 



114.4 



1,904.9 



237.2 



1969 



45,846.5 



459.1 



3,876.2 



317.4 



2,121.3 



20.2 



20,808.5 



1,181.1 



782.6 



110.0 



1,948.9 



257.8 



1970 



52,857.2 



541.4 



5,633.1 



527.5 



3,834.4 



25.6 



18,441.7 



1,054.7 



1,399.9 



209.7 



2,292.3 



355.9 



1971 



50,830.3 



421.3 



6,706.0 



530.3 



1,784.2 



23.1 



23,336.8 



1,330.6 



1,493.0 



184.6 



1,813.8 



236.5 



1972 



58,504.5 



651.5 



7,063.5 



712.8 



2,373.2 



29.3 



22,445.3 



1,450.0 



1,185.7 



154.2 



1,990.4 



298.9 



1973 



61,036.0 



751.1 



5,899.1 



635.5 



2,095.5 



30.0 



21,317.9 



1,266.1 



1,815.9 



269.0 



1,578.6 



249.4 



1974 



57,986.7 



844.0 



6,826.0 



584.4 



872.8 



34.9 



20,616.4 



1,257.8 



1,187.2 



157.0 



1,618.0 



231.9 



1975 



60,938.2 



867.0 



7,863.2 



729.7 



0.0 



0.0 



21,785.9 



1,440.6 



1,099.5 



153.9 



1,789.0 



259.3 



1976 



58,174.1 



816.8 



9,431.8 



877.9 



294.0 



18.2 



20,573.6 



1,223.8 



1,325.3 



212.9 



1,461.4 



231.9 



Total 



815.451.1 



7,823.9 



72,462.6 



5,606.3 



15,513.7 



194.9 



273,301.9 



14,316.1 



16,960.3 



2,393.3 



23,078.5 



3,239.2 



'Derived from Wahle et al. (1975) prior to 1974, Foster et al. (see footnote 1, Table 8) for WDF 1974, Fletcher et al. (see footnote 1, 

 Table 8) for WDF 1975, Foster et al. (1977) for WDF 1976, and from WDG release records and USFWS hatchery annual. 

 2 1 lb = 0.454 kg. 



Table 16. — Migrant releases of chum, sockeye, and cherry salmon 

 and sea-run cutthroat trout — Columbia Basin-Washington' (in 

 thousands). 

















Sea- 



run 





Chum 



Sockeye 

 No. Lb. 



Cherry 

 No. Lb. 



cutth 

 No. 



roat 



year 



No. 



Lb. J 



Lb. 



1960 



0.0 



0.0 



3,177.0 



69.2 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



1961 



50.8 



0.3 



2,788.0 



72.5 



0.0 



0.0 



6.9 



0.8 



1962 



402.9 



1.2 



2,224.0 



43.8 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



1963 



1,489.9 



2.1 



3,121.0 



67.8 



0.0 



0.0 



6.4 



0.8 



1964 



150.8 



0.2 



3,364.0 



58.8 



0.0 



0.0 



82.5 



10.0 



1965 



205.3 



0.3 



3,301.0 



73.6 



0.0 



0.0 



85.9 



13.6 



1966 



422.7 



0.4 



73.0 



1.6 



0.0 



0.0 



87.0 



17.5 



1967 



152.1 



0.2 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



182.5 



38.5 



1968 



38.6 



0.1 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



248.2 



52.5 



1969 



47.3 



0.1 



23.4 



0.7 



0.0 



0.0 



261.3 



50.3 



1970 



62.5 



0.1 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



302.3 



55.2 



1971 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



364.3 



65.1 



1972 



638.5 



1.2 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



159.2 



37.2 



1973 



563.6 



1.4 



0.0 



0.0 



1.8 



0.1 



202.4 



46.3 



1974 



627.3 



3.4 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



150.3 



31.9 



1975 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



139.6 



32.8 



1976 



1,126.8 



4.7 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



151.8 



34.6 



Total 



5,979.1 



15.7 



18,071.4 



388.0 



1.8 



0.1 



2,430.6 



487.1 



'Derived from Wahle et al. (1975) prior to 1974, Foster et al. (see foot- 

 note 1, Table 8) for WDF 1974, Fletcher et al. (see footnote 1, Table 8) 

 for WDF 1975, Foster et al. (1977) for WDF 1976, and from WDG release 

 records and USFWS hatchery annual reports. 



2 1 lb = 0.454 kg. 



Hume was also one of the first to raise anadromous fish 

 to larger than fry size on a production basis. Prior to his 

 work, and in many cases afterwards, fish were released 

 just after absorption of the yolk sac. A few fish were 

 raised to fingerling and yearling size as a curiosity. While 

 raising fish to larger sizes was not physically difficult, in- 

 creased cost and need for larger facilities prevented the 

 general adoption of the rearing procedure. Hume, among 

 others, correctly predicted higher survival of larger fish 

 with little increased costs of rearing. Presently, all 



anadromous facilities, with the exception of several 

 chum and pink salmon hatcheries, rear their production 

 fish for at least 30 days. 



In the 1890's and early 1900's, there were hatcheries or 

 egg taking stations built on most of Oregon's coastal 

 streams. In 1902 alone, hatcheries were built on the Co- 

 quille, Siuslaw, Alsea, Yaquina, and Tillamook Rivers. 

 One of these, built by the State on the Siuslaw River and 

 then turned over to the U.S. Fish Commission, is inter- 

 esting because of the reason for its failure. Adult fish 

 were unable to reach the hatchery because fishermen 

 working downstream blocked fish passage with nets 

 stretched completely across the river. This is an extreme 

 example of the intensive coast-wide pressure placed on 

 the resource. 



In 1920, the responsibility for rearing anadromous sal- 

 monids was split between the newly formed FCO and the 

 OGC. By 1929, there were 10 State hatcheries and 1 Fed- 

 eral hatchery in operation. The total accumulated pro- 

 duction through 1929 was almost 650 million fish with 

 most coming from State facilities. Emphasis was placed 

 on fall chinook and coho salmon which accounted for 56% 

 and 31% of these releases, respectively. 



There are presently 12 hatcheries in operation on the 

 major coastal tributaries (Figs. 9, 10). Up until 1975 

 when the two State fisheries agencies were recombined to 

 form the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, five of 

 these were operated by FCO and another five by OGC 

 (Table 22). Nine of the 10 State hatcheries were built to 

 enhance existing or depleted runs. The tenth, Cole Rivers 

 Hatchery, is similar to many of the Columbia Basin fa- 

 cilities in that it was built on the Rogue River to compen- 

 sate for the loss of spawning grounds and resultant fish 

 from Lost Creek Dam. 



In 1976, species reared in the greatest numbers at Ore- 

 gon coastal hatcheries were coho salmon, fall chinook 



21 



