29 



III. 



MEANING- AND DERIVATION OF THE NAMES OF THE PRINCIPAL 

 PEARL BANKS OFF THE MADURA COAST. 



— 



Names of the Para a9 

 thoy appear in the 



Names of the Pars in the 

 improved orthographic 

 forms now recommended 



Signification. 



Derivation and remarks. 



s 

 5 



Inspection Reports 



for adoption. 







1 



Paniban Karia Par 



Pamban Karai Par , . 



Pamban inshore bank, i.e., 

 Pamban inner banl;. 



Karai, shore ; par, rock and by 

 extension of meaning, rocky 

 bank. 



2 



VelnnguPar ,, 



Pamban Velangu Par . , 



The bmk near Pamban 

 lying farther from shore, 

 i.e , Pamban outer bank. 



Vel.mgu, further. 



3 



Masai Thiva Par 



Masai Tivu Par . . 



Bank lying near Jlaie 

 Island. 



Musal, hare ; tivu, island. 



i 



Cholava Karai Par , . 



Solaka Karai Par , . 



Bank lying off the south 

 shore (of Uamesvaram.) 



Solaka (cholaka) south ; Karai, 

 shore. Cholava probably a 

 misprint for cholaka, which 

 is the fishermen's term for 

 south. " Ten " is the touth 

 of the landsman. 



5 



Kilakarai Vallia Malai 



Kilakarai Vellai Malai 



Outer bank off the white 



Kilai, eat,t ; Karai, ehore; 





Velangu Par. 



Velangu Par. 



hill at Kilakarai (Kila- 

 karai, literally the Ea*t 

 Coast;. 



vellai, white ; malai, hill ; 

 velangu, further or outer 

 (Kilakarai a port on the east 

 coast). 



6 



Vallia Malai Karai Par . . 



Vellai Malai Karai Par . . 



Inner bank off Vellai 

 Malai. 



Karai, inshore i.e. , inner in 

 contrast to Velangu, outer. 

 Vellai Malai, a white and 

 conspicuous sand dune near 

 Kilakarai. 



7 



Anna Par . . 



Anna Par . . 



? 



Anna or annam signifies swan. 



8 



Nallathanni Thivu Par . . 



Nalla Tanni Tivu Par . . 



Nalla Tanni Tivu bank . , 



Nalla, fresh ; tanni, water ; 

 tiva, island. Nalla Tanni 

 Tivu is an island in the 

 Zamindari of Eamnad where 

 excellent fresh water is 

 obtainable from shallow 

 wells. 



9 



Uppatbanni Thivu Par ,. 



Uppu Tanni Tivu Par , . 



Uppu Tanni Tivu bunk .. 



Uppu, Silt. An island close 

 to Nalla Tanni Tivu -where 

 the wells are brackish. 



10 



Kumuhm Par 



Kumulam Par . , 



Probably this is " the 

 • bank abounding in 

 hemispherical stOL.es ". 



Knmulam, a blister-like swell- 

 ing, is applied to the hemis- 

 pherical masses of Astrreid 

 corals so common on certain 

 sandy oyster banks. 



11 



Vembar Peria Par 



Vembar Periya Par 



Large bank lying off 

 Vembar village. 



Periya, large. 



12 



Vaippar Peria Par 



Vaippar Periya Par . . 



Large bank lying off 

 Vaippar village. 



.... 



13 



Karai Par . . . . 



Karai Par ., , 



Bank lying towards the 

 shore. 



Karai,. shore. 



H 







Probably "the Rani's 

 bank." 



Devi, a titular suffix to the 

 names of the Rani of Eam- 

 nad and of Madura ; pri- 

 marily tho name of a goddess 

 , (Siva's wife). 



IS 



Pernandu Par 



Pernandu Par 



Fernando's bank . . , . 



Probably first found by a 

 . fisherman of this name. 



16 



Padntha Marikan Par . . 



Padutta Marikan Par . . 



Bank whereon Marikan (a 

 Mussalman) was found 

 lying (dead). 



Paduitiru, lying down. Mari- 

 kan or Marikar appended to 

 Muhammadan names is a 









relic of anhonorofie bestowed 











by the Portuguese upon pro- 











minent Muhamniadans. 



17 



Padutha Marikan Par 



Fadutta Marikan Tundu 



The small bank close to 



Tundu, fragment. 





Thanda. 



Par. 



the preceding. 





IS 



Taticorin Coda Par 



Tutieorin Kuda Par . . 



The hank off Tuticorin 

 Bay. 



Kuda, bay ; primarily a cavity 

 or hollow. 



19 



Cruxian Par 



Cruxian Par . , 



Bank of the cross . . 



Kroos 'eiirusu), a corruption of 

 the Portuguese Cruz, crosB. 



20 



Cruxian Thunda Par 



Cruxian Tundu Par , . 



Small Cruxian bank 



Tundu, a fragment (small). 



