The Newfoundlanders accepted with bad grace the return of the French 

 whom they had hoped not to receive again on the shores of the island. For 

 a century the Newfoundlanders of English blood had been strongly implanted 

 on the soil of the island, just as the Canadians of French blood had implanted 

 themselves in New France; and they did not cease to be reinforced by a con- 

 stant stream of British immigrants. Little by little the population settled on 

 this barren soil, of which the coast alone favored settlement, expanded along 

 the shores of the island. It was not wished to admit that the rights conceded 

 to the French fishermen could deter this enormous expansion, since, if the 

 first immigrants had been indifferent to the fishery, their descendents had 

 come to make it, in the course of the 17th and 18th centuries, their principal 

 industry. 



While the French considered the right to fish on the French Shore a mon- 

 opoly in their favor, the Newfoundlanders, standing on the text of the treaty, 

 commenced to claim the thesis of a concurrent fishery, according to which 

 the concession made to the French did not imply, for the islanders, any ex- 

 clusion from this part of the coast. 



If in reality the famous Article XIII did not implicitly settle the question 

 of monopoly, the French considered that it was resolved by the manner in 

 which the treaty had been accepted by all from the first. From its first going 

 into effect, war vessels bearing the flag of the French king had been used, 

 with no resulting protest, to enforce the clauses in the sense of a monopoly, 

 forbidding absolutely access to the French shore by all foreign boats, pre- 

 venting the French fishermen to establish in parts of the shore outside the 

 limits. In spite of protestations by the Newfoundlanders, the exclusive right 

 continued to be exercised, under the same protection, in the years which fol- 

 lowed ratification of the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. 



During this period took place the disappearance of the last of the cara- 

 velles and boats derived from this type which cod fishermen had used since 

 the 16th century. In their place, was used, in general, the dogres (Dogger- 

 boats), vessels of two masts, carrying on the mainmast two square sails, 

 and on the mizzen-mast a square sail and a spanker sail; also (appeared) 

 the brigatine boats of low freeboard, also of two masts, carrying square top- 

 sails and able to ship the oars when overtaken by calm. The brigatines were 

 especially used for the bank fishery. Their dimensions, expressed in tonnage, 

 could attain 120-150 tons, being notably larger than the ancient boats. They 

 also shipped a crew of from 20-24 men, the crews of vessels fishing the shore 

 being even greater. A little later the first schooners appeared, vessels of 



38 



