50-80 tons, of refined form, the two masts of which, strongly raked, car- 

 ried latin rigging. 



With this increase in tonnage corresponded, for bank vessels, an in- 

 crease in specialized personnel. Aside from the captain, the pilot, and the 

 surgeon, a Salter and a dresser took the rank of officers, the captain some- 

 times aided by the surgeon, reserving the delicate function of splitter. On 

 boats preparing the cod in hogsheads in the round, a cooper foreman was 

 shipped having the rank of non- seaman officer, as well as a boatswain. On 

 any of the larger vessels one found, besides, a carpenter foreman, also a 

 non-seaman officer. 



The period of peace which opened after the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle was 

 only a break of eight years to a state of war, always latent between France 

 and England in the 18th century. In 1756, new hostilities broke out. The fish- 

 ery of the French Shore had to be suspended, as well as at Cape Breton after 

 the capture of Louisburg in 1758. 



At their risk and peril, some outfitters continued to send their boats to 

 the banks, in order to benefit, if fortune smiled in avoiding the English war- 

 ships, from the great profit realized by reason of the rise in the price of cod. 

 But this fishery was greatly hampered by lack of crews, for the outfitting of 

 the vessels of the King and the corsairs required the draft of the greater part 

 of the maritime men. 



During this time, the Newfoundlanders invaded the harbors of the French 

 Shore, intending this time to take lasting possession. 



Their hopes were again dashed by the provisions of the treaty of Paris 

 of 17 6 3. In this act, which marked the tragic fall of the colonial French em- 

 pire, the plenipotentiaries accredited by Louis XV succeeded in maintaining 

 the rights of the French to the French Shore. Article V of the treaty con- 

 firmed the clauses of Article XIII of the treaty of Utrecht, in giving them a 

 favorable interpretation to the thesis of right sustained by the French fisher- 

 men. 



"The subjects of France, " it was here stipulated, "will have freedom 

 to fish and to dry fish on a part of the shores of Newfoundland, as is speci- 

 fied by article XIII of the treaty of Utrecht, which article is renewed and 

 confirmed by the present treaty. " 



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