The apparatus used for extraction at atmospheric pressure is a great 

 vat in which the steam enters the lower part. An emptying pipe conducts 

 the liquid resulting from the breakdown of the livers, a mixture of water and 

 oil, into a decanting vat situated a little below its level. From there a Japy 

 pump, sometimes an electric pump, pumps the decanted oil to vast compart- 

 mented cisterns, with a total capacity of 30 to 40 tons. Oil thus processed 

 is destined for medicinal use. 



In general, saving of roe by the trawlers is still only at its beginnings. 

 Preparation aboard raises the same objections as on the sailing vessels. 

 Freezing for preparation ashore, at the end of the season, is a solution from 

 which the vessels may eventually profit because of the high price of a well- 

 prepared product. 



In addition to holds for salted cod, the modern trawlers of the great fish- 

 ery are provided with freezing rooms able to receive a hundred tons or more 

 of fish. They are thus in a position to hold some of the excellent fish former- 

 ly thrown back into the sea, preserving it in a fresh-frozen state at -20°. 

 Conservation by freezing is used for the haddock which is often caught in great 

 quantities. Haddock thus preserved is finally processed onland as "haddock" 

 (finnan haddie) because of the rapidly increasing demand which this product 

 has received, more and more appreciated, notably at Fecamp and Lorient, 

 with great success. 



Halibut is also preserved by freezing to be eaten fresh. This excellent 

 fish, so esteemed in England, is only of insignificant demand in France. Al- 

 most all the halibut caught in the North Sea by the French fishery is absorbed 

 by the market at Lille. At Paris, where this fish is practically unknown, the 

 small quantities which are sold at Halles market are bought by restauranteurs 

 who invariably sell it as turbot. 



It is to be hoped that halibut will finaUy find the place it deserves in the 

 French market, to the benefit of consumers as weH as the fishermen and 

 outfitters, as its sale would result in a new source of greater profit above 

 that of the cod. 



* 



While the outfitting of the last sailing vessels of the great fishery always 

 preserved its craftsman aspect, the trawler represents an industrial type of 



107 



