fishery. The catching of the fish is here the result of collective effort, 

 making impossible paying for work according to individual production. Thus 

 the "charte-partie" which defines conditions of employment aboard the trawl- 

 ers is substantially different from that used for the sailing vessels. 



Participation of the crew in the yield of the fishery is maintained on a 

 share basis, which applies to everyone, of a fifth of the net product of the 

 fishery. This fifth is divided into a definite number of parts, of which a 

 fixed number is allotted to each man of the crew, according to his specialty, 

 the chief net mender, for example, receiving two parts while the cabin boy 

 receives a half part. 



But aside from the shares, monthly advances, a minimum guaranteed 

 salary, are paid before departure. The trend is paying monthly guaranteed 

 salaries, diminishing more and more the sharing of the crew in the season's 

 catch and toward a fixed salary. 



In the period between the two wars, the industrial fishery of the trawlers 

 replaced at an increasing rate the ancient craftsman fishery of the sailing 

 vessels of Newfoundland. These died out by failure to meet the new demands. 



While in 1913, 2 35 French sailing vessels fished on the banks, this num- 

 ber was only 129 in 1924, the peak year between the two wars. In 1930, 

 there were only 74 three-masters. In 1939, at the beginning of World War II, 

 there were only 11. When the fishery was resumed at the end of the war, the 

 old three-masted French schooner fishery was only a memory. 



During this period, the number of trawlers passed from 28 in 1924 to 

 40 in 1939, at the same time that their carrying capacity doubled. 



The principal cause of this rapid evolution in fishing methods is attrib- 

 uted to the enormous difference in the yield of this fishery compared to the 

 line trawl fishery. 



A modern trawler of the great fishery produces 30, 000 quintals (hundred- 

 weight) of salted cod while the sailing vessel produced annually only 6, 000 

 quintals at the best. The crew of a trawler is, on the average, 55 men, 

 while the sailing vessel produced only 187 quintals, or about a third. 



One must, however, consider the enormous difference in cost of outfit- 

 ting for the two methods of fishing. 



108 



