apparently coupled -with anaerobic disposal of hexose diphosphate, since 

 phosphate uptake in a nitrogen atmosphere with or -without DNC and with 

 hexose diphosphate and pyruvate as substrate is approximately equal to 

 that under aerobic conditions in 1CTUM DNC. Cleland (1950) reported the 

 formation of high-energy phosphate during respiration of homogenized 

 oyster eggs. Anaerobiosis, cyanide poisoning, or DNP depleted the eggs 

 of high-energy phosphate. Lobster nerve mitochondrial preparations have 

 been shown to be capable or carrying out oxidative phosphorylation (Foster 

 1956) j P/0 ratios in excess of 1.0 were obtained. 



Browne et al. (1950) and later Longley (1955), using histochemical 

 methods to study the presence and distribution of alkaline phosphatase 

 in the kidney of various marine teleosts and of other aquatic animals, 

 demonstrated the presence of this enzyme in aglomerular as well as glomer- 

 ular fish. Alkaline phosphatase was believed to function in the kidneys 

 of glomerular vertebrates in the process of glucose resorption? however, 

 its presence in aglomerular fish constitutes evidence against this theory. 



Phosphorylase, which catalyzes the reaction: glucose— 1-phosphate 

 t^ glucose f H0P03 B , has been obtained in extracts of lobster tail 

 muscle (Cowgill and Cori 1955). An inactive form of the enzyme was found 

 that on incubation, changed to phosphorylase b( inactive in the absence 

 of adenosine monophosphate) and then to phosphorylase a* 



Two enzymes of phosphorus metabolism found in oyster eggs are acid 

 phosphatase and apyrase (Cleland 1951). Compositional studies on these 

 eggs showed the presence of fructose phosphates, phosphoglyceric acid, 

 adenylic acid, and ATP (Cleland 1950). Suzuki (195U) compared the phos- 

 phorus compounds of red and white muscle of fish. Although red muscle 

 contained more total phosphorus than did white, white muscle had a higher 

 concentration of acid-soluble and inorganic phosphorus. 



The possibility of assimilation of inorganic phosphorus from water 

 by fish was investigated by Shekhanova (1956). Carp was found to take up 

 HP32(v ■ with activity being located mainly in the gills and scales. Some 

 P32 was found in all other organs including blood and digestive tract. 

 The various tissues of the carp, arranged in descending order according 

 to rate of uptake of p32 are gills, fins, heart, liver, bladder, verte- 

 brae, and muscle (Kirpichnikov et al. 19?6)« 



PROTEIN AND NITROGEN METABOLISM 



The metabolism of proteins includes a vast number of diversified 

 processes giving rise to a large array of nitrogenous substances. ^ Cellu- 

 lar structure and organization are primarily dependent upon proteins as 

 is the regulation of chemical activity of the cell by proteins in the form 

 of enzymes. The overall scheme may be summarized as follows: an amino 

 acid pool is formed through the breakdown of food proteins, tissue cata- 

 bolism, and the synthesis of nonessential amino acids. From this pool, 



23 



