An intermediate timing of the runs occurs in the 
region lying between the mainland and outer coastal 
areas. Three major time divisions are used to indi- 
cate the peak period that the major species are found 
in the stream. "Early" designates peaks before 
August 15; "middle", peaks between August 15 and 
September 15; "late"', peaks after September 15. The 
range of time in which the major species are found in 
the streams is given by months. 
Escapement magnitudes. ~--These are esti- 
mates of the total escapement, based on stream counts 
of the peak abundance of salmon, multiplied by a 
certain factor. This factor was determined from 
stream tagging experiments conducted at Herman 
Creek in 1953 by the Fisheries Research Institute, who 
found the total escapement was between two and three 
times the peak count. The range of the escapement 
magnitude is given in thousands. For example, 
50-200, 000 refers to 50 thousand to 200 thousand fish. 
Spawning facilities. --This includes a gen- 
eral classification rating of poor, fair, good, excellent, 
etc. The rating is based on estimates made by various 
individuals. 
Stream temperatures. ~-In this classification, 
the following general ranges are used for each stream. 
Each range is for the three-month period (July, August, 
and September) in which the majority of the salmon 
spawning migrations occur? 
Cold range, averaging less than 50°F. , 
usually an early run stream. 
Normal range, averaging between 50°F. 
and 55°F. , usually middle run. 
Warm range, averaging over 55°F., usually 
a late run stream. 
These ranges generally correspond to the 
geographic location of the stream and time of the runs. 
Where only limited temperature information is avail- 
able for a stream, the range has been estimated from 
its location and timing of run. Cold range streams 
are usually found along the mainland or on the larger 
islands in the northern part of Southeastern Alaska. 
Warm range streams are usually found along the outer 
channels and coastal areas, which are dependent upon 
precipitation as the primary source of supply. The 
normal range streams appear to fall geographically 
between and may combine characteristics of both 
cold ~ and warm ~ range streams. Timing of the 
salmon runs, especially pink salmon, also follows the 
geographic distribution outlined above. Recording 
thermograph data, available from a number of streams 
with known escapement timing, have been used as a 
basis for comparison. 
Valley description. --Glacial, "stream- 
cut", etc. , describe valley origin with a general 
description of the outstanding features such as length, 
width, timber, slopes, directions, etc. They have 
been obtained from aerial photographs, and by 
direct observations. 
Drainage area. --This has been either esti- 
mated in square miles or computed with a polar plan- 
imeter from aerial photographs. Estimates of the 
drainage area of large systems have been taken from 
the small-scale key, composite photographs and are 
less reliable. Data from Water Powers of South- 
eastern Alaska 1947 are included when available. 
Descriptions are given of supply sources, and drainage 
topography, and characteristics governing water 
quality and temperature ranges during spawning from 
the editor's interpretation of aerial photos and local 
knowledge. 
Stream mouth identification. --This is a 
description of some general features visible at the 
stream mouth. 
Anchorage. -~Descriptions of temporary 
anchorages which have been used for short stops by 
stream survey vessels are given. Overnight and storm 
anchcrages are given in the U. S. Coast Pilot. 
Trails and survey routes. ~-This includes 
descriptions of trails that have been used by ground 
parties on stream surveys. Where other than the 
stream bed was used, a description of routes is given, 
including difficult points, identification, outstanding 
features, presence of brown bears, etc. 
Aerial survey notes. --The notes include 
remarks from various individual observations on the 
visibility in each stream and the conditions con- 
sidered necessary for adequate observations, Ap- 
proaches to valley, starting points, and any known 
hazards are described from aerial surveyor's notes and 
the editor's knowledge of the area. 
Intertidal Zone 
Length. --The distance is given in miles 
from mean high to mean low tide, obtained from 
aerial photographs measured to the nearest tenth of a 
mile. Where low tide locations were not known the 
measurement was made from the edge of tidal flats 
visible in the photographs. 
Average width. -- These estimates in feet, 
based on observations by various individuals. 
Average depth. --These are estimates in 
inches, or in feet in larger systems, based on obser- 
vation by various individuals. 
