102 GRANT CREEK K 49 
N56°02 W131°10.3 Previous No. 44 
KETCHIKAN, BEHM CANAL, BURROUGHS BAY, N. shore 3 miles N. of Point Fitzgibbon 
MAJOR SPECIES Pink and chum OTHER SPECIES King, coho, trout 
ESCAPEMENT TIMING Early. July-Aug. ESCAPEMENT MAGNITUDE  30-50,000 
SPAWNING FACILITIES Excellent and extensive. Spawning gravels are found throughout the stream. King 
salmon have been observed spawning as far as the barrier falls. 
STREAM TEMPERATURES Cold Range. Observed temperatures: 42-48.2°F.,1949; 45-56°F., 1950; 48-49°F., 
1951; 47.5-54°F., 1952; 50-51°F., 1953. 
VALLEY DESCRIPTION Glacial. Lower 3 miles of valley broad and flat with grassflats, muskeg and timber only 
along stream course and valley margins. Main valley divides 7 miles above high tide mark and both head above 
the S. fork of the Bradfield River in high mountains. Bare rock ridges throughout. 
DRAINAGE 78 square miles (Polar Planimeter). Several small glaciers and permanent snowfields in upper valley. 
Lake 1.1 miles long drains into river, 1.7 miles upstream from the W. Several small lakes and a number of ponds 
throughout the system. Water has slight glacial tinge at all times. 1953 had unusually heavy siltation. 
STREAM MOUTH IDENTIFICATION Small rock islet at high tide lies on W. side of mouth. Piling on E. side 
of delta may be used for moorage at other than extreme low tide stages. Extensive grassflats visible in upper inter- 
tidal. 
ANCHORAGE E. of center of delta mouth just inside line from islet to the nearest point visible on E. shore. 
TRAILS AND SURVEY ROUTES River skiff is the most practical (during normal water levels), as it can be 
taken over 4 miles upstream. Further passage is hindered by rapids in the narrow valley section 1.4 miles above 
the marker. 
AERIAL SURVEY NOTES Broad valley, light colored gravel bottom and usually clear water provide good aerial 
survey conditions. Convenient turning point in wide section of valley above marker. No obstructions or unusual 
conditions during normal survey weather. Very large midstream boulder at marker visible from air. 
INTERTIDAL ZONE 
LENGTH 1.6 miles AVERAGE WIDTH/DEPTH  100-150'/36" 
GRADIENT AND VELOCITIES Less than 1° at 2' per second 
BOTTOM ‘Silt, sand and gravel from 2" to 6" in diameter. 
HIGH TIDE LOCATION Head of broad riffles above grassflats. Extensive gravel bar with debris lies between 
steep embankment on W. and trees on bank on E. side. Long deep pool above follows E. bank. 
SCHOOLING AREAS Deep holes in lower intertidal zone, broad holes and moderate current areas in mid-intertidal 
zone and wide riffle areas in the upper section offer schooling facilities. Major concentrations have been observed 
from mid-tide point upstream. 
SPAWNING AREAS _ Most spawning has been observed in the upper third of the intertidal zone on the broad riffles 
between schooling areas. 
GENERAL NOTES Ano interesting upwelling of ground waters has been noted at about the mid-tide point at the 
junction with the tributary slough from the W. 
UPSTREAM 
LENGTH ACCESSIBLE 6 miles AVERAGE WIDTH/DEPTH  100-200'/36-48" 
GRADIENT AND VELOCITIES 1° at 2! per second 
BOTTOM Sand, gravel throughout lower stream. Some boulders above marker. 
MARKER DISTANCE 3 miles. 
MARKER IDENTIFICATION A metal marker was placed on an E. bank tree at the base of a long riffle. 
A very large boulder in mid-stream lies downstream. 
BARRIERS A falls lies 6 miles upstream in a small canyon area. Cross-bedding occurs at this point. King salmon 
have been reported above barrier falls (unconfirmed). 
TRIBUTARIES Lake fed tributary entering on W. 1.7 miles upstream is not accessible to salmon. Steep tributary 
entering from W. 2 miles upstream has been observed with a few salmon in rapids. 
SCHOOLING AREAS All pools have been observed with schooling salmon. The first two large pools above high 
tide mark are used by all species. Many of the pools are over 10 feet deep with several nearly 20 feet. 
SPAWNING AREAS Excellent spawning riffles are found throughout the stream. During small escapements, 
the riffles at high tide mark are most commonly used. 
GENERAL NOTES High gravel banks in lower stream area show stream erosion marks. The stream may have 
considerable gravel movement during floods in some areas. Upper stream appearance is more stable, especially 
above marker. 
