180 INVESTIGATION OF THE FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY OF ALASKA. 



The above exhibit declares that by 1909, or in 12 years' time from 

 their initial or first impregnation, July, 1897, these 4,500 yearling 

 cows of July, 1896, would have increased five fold — to 20,225 breeding 

 adult females and to 16,978 pups born July, 1909, to 3,600 yearling 

 cows of 1909 to 3,600 yearling bulls of 1909, to 2,940 2 year old bulls 

 of 1909, to 2,750 3 year-old bulls of 1909, and to 2,250 4-year-old bulls 

 of 1909, being the increase of 4,500 yearling cows to 52,343 seals in 

 12 years— from 1897 to 1909. 



When Lembkey and the lessees killed yearlings, they knew that 

 they were females after they had killed them and that they could 

 not tell the sex until after they had killed them. In his report, 1904, 

 page 55, Appendix A, Lembkey says: "One yearling was killed by 

 me during the summer to determine the weight of that class of skins. 

 The entire animal — a female * * * ." Again in his report 

 he tells us that the yearling females are in the drives with the yearling 

 males, and that he killed one to ascertain its weight and sex (p. 77, 

 Appendix A), to wit: "On July 1, there were three yearling seals in 

 the drives at North East Point. One of them, a typical specimen, 

 was knocked down at my direction to ascertain the weight of the 

 skin. It was found to be a female * * * ." 



Dr. Jordan also knew that the yearlings hauled out males and 

 females together, and that they could not be told apart as to sex by 

 outward survey unless caught and handled. He is officially recorded 

 as follows in that connection: 



St. Pauls Island, 



Saturday, August 1, 1896. 



Dr. Jordan, assisted by the natives * * * drove up part of one and two year old 

 seals from the Reef Rookery: tbey were examined with a view to determining whether 

 or not yearling seals were to be found among these young bachelors. It is now con- 

 ceded that yearling females do not haul out on the rookeries but among the hollus- 

 chickie." (Official Journal Government Agent, St. Pauls Island, Alaska, p. 465.) 



These 128,000 yearlings which were taken by "criminal trespass" 

 between 1890-1909 were so taken in violation of law and regulations 

 and by collusion with certain public agents, who had guilty knowledge 

 of this work. 



One-half of this number of yearlings by the natural law of their 

 birth were female seals, which were to become nubile mother seals 

 one year later, and which as such would each live from 10 to 12 years, 

 bearing annually one pup during that period of their lives. 



Therefore this killing by criminal trespass and in guilty knowledge 

 of these 60,000 } T earling cows has cost th? Government the full value 

 of that annual increment to the seal herd which those cow seals would 

 have made since 1896, plus that increase in turn which their offspring 

 would have made, and so on in turn annually up to the season of 1912. 



Upon a basis of calculating that particular loss from this single 

 killing of those 4,500 yearling cows in 1896, for example, thus suffered 

 by th.3 Public Treasury, we find that this loss from a systematic killing 

 of yearlings which was begun by the lessees, in violation of the Car- 

 lisle rules of May 14, 1896, in June-July, 1896 (and continued by them 

 up to the end of their lease in 1909), to be fairly stated as follows: 



We start with 4,500 yearling cows which were killed in 1896; in 

 1897, if not so killed, they would have returned less 2 per cent of that 

 number from natural death rate, or as 4,415 two-year-old cows; they go 

 directly to the breeding grounds and are there impregnated for the 

 first time as "nubiles." 



