Tp bh 



Tpbb 1+2*3 



hb3 



Fpbb4 



FOSSIL AND RECENT 



bh 



21 



sb1 



Tp ib 4 



3 mm 



Fig. 8. Elops hawaiensis Regan. Gill arches of right side in dorsal view. The dorsal 

 elements have been turned back exposing their ventral aspect ; the second supra- 

 pharyngobranchial is obscured by ib3, and the fourth infrapharyngobranchial is covered 

 by Tpib4. Hatched area represents cartilage, black represents tooth plates and gill-rakers. 



The only additional feature worthy of note is the attachment of the gill arches to 

 the neurocranium, an attachment which is effected through the first infrapharyngo- 

 branchial and suprapharyngobranchial. The former element is attached through 

 a small disc of cartilage to the parasphenoid behind the internal carotid foramen 

 in that bone. A posterior attachment to the neurocranium is effected by a ligament 

 which passes from the dorsal limb of the first epibranchial to the anterior extension 

 of the intercalar. Within this ligament the first suprapharyngobranchial is repre- 

 sented as a small ossified rod situated just above the first epibranchial. 



