FOSSIL AND RECENT 183 



There are 10- 11 dorsal basal fulcra succeeded by three or four fringing fulcra. 

 The posterior five basal fulcra show articulations. Seven basal fulcra occur ventrally 

 and are supported by the haemal spines of the third to fifth preural centra. 



An elongate caudal scute occurs above and below the caudal peduncle. 



Squamation. The scales are cycloid. The posterior margin of the scale is rounded, 

 the anterior margin straight. Concentrically arranged circuli are apparent in the 

 anterior and lateral fields, while the posterior field is marked by a few granulations. 

 Anteriorly there are five to eight radii which produce a scalloped anterior margin. 



Lebonichthys lewisi (Davis) 

 (Text-fig. 92) 



1887 Clupea lewisii Davis : 571, pi. 33, fig. 1. 



1901 Osmeroides lewisi (Davis) Woodward : 17, pi. 2, fig. 3. 



Diagnosis. Lebonichthys reaching 260 mm S.L. Head equal to 30 per cent S.L. 

 Vomer with villiform teeth. Maxilla with small villiform teeth. Dorsal fin situated 

 nearer to the caudal peduncle than to the occiput, and composed of 18-19 ra y s - 

 Caudal skeleton with two epurals ; the supporting neural spines expanded antero- 

 posteriorly ; fringing fulcra absent. Caudal scutes present. Scales without 

 scalloped margin. 



Holotype. Nearly complete fish, R.S.M. 1891. 59.91, from the Middle Ceno- 

 manian of Hakel, Lebanon. The counterpart is B.M.N.H. P. 4868. 



Material. The holotype, counterpart and B.M.N.H. P.6024 from the Middle 

 Cenomanian of Hakel, Lebanon. 



Remarks. Lebonichthys lewisi is known by only two individuals of which one, 

 the holotype (part and counterpart), is poorly preserved. Little information on the 

 head is available from these specimens. 



Known features of the cranial roof closely resemble those of Lebonichthys gracilis 

 and Osmeroides latifrons. The frontals are wide above the otic and orbital regions 

 but taper above the slightly elongated snout. A long tubular nasal is present. The 

 lateral ethmoid is a large, stout ossification, more robust than that of L. gracilis but 

 like that of Albida. There is no direct contact between the lateral ethmoid and para- 

 sphenoid as there is in Albula. 



The parasphenoid attains its greatest width beneath the lateral ethmoid, as in 

 0. latifrons. Teeth are borne on the ventral surface of the parasphenoid beneath the 

 orbit. The parasphenoid teeth are all of the same size but their shape varies from 

 conical to hemispherical. The vomerine teeth are villiform ; the limits of the sup- 

 porting ossification are not known. 



The hyopalatine series is similar to that of L. gracilis except for two obvious 

 differences : the metapterygoid only contacts the symplectic over a short area and 

 there are teeth on the ectopterygoid in addition to those on the endopterygoid. The 

 presence of ectopterygoid teeth is a primitive feature, known only in L. lewisi among 



