ji CALCAREOUS ALGAE OF THE MIDDLE EAST 



central canal about 50% external diameter, external surface when unworn showing 

 pattern of nearly uniform circular pores, but when worn showing pores of two sizes, 

 the larger being the sporangial chambers. In the verticils, the normal branch- 

 pattern of each primary giving rise to one spherical sporangial cavity and four 

 secondaries is modified by the distal portion of the primary branch being greatly 

 expanded immediately before branching into sporangium and secondaries : these 

 additional cavities are conspicuous in vertical and transverse section. 



Horizon. Maestrichtian of Tibet, northern Iraq, Turkey and Arabia. 



Material. In northern Iraq, in the Aqra Formation of Aqra and of Zibar 

 Isumeran, in the Hadiena Formation of Chalki, and in the Aqra-Hadiena develop- 

 ment of Chalki Islam, all in Mosul Liwa, in limestone facies. The species is also 

 known from the clastic Tanjero Formation of Diza, Erbil Liwa, and recorded by 

 Naqib (i960 : 176), as a derived fossil, in pebbles occurring in Palaeocene con- 

 glomerates (Kolosh Formation) at Argosh, Mizuri Bala area, Mosul Liwa. Seen also 

 in subsurface Maestrichtian at Murban, Abu Dhabi, Arabia. 



Remarks. This species occurs not uncommonly in the Maestrichtian of Iraqi 

 Kurdistan, usually in the limestone facies. Specimens are small (external diameter 

 0-75-0-85 mm.) and very often fragmentary, but show the distinctive characters of 

 the species in section. The Zibar-Isumeran specimens are in the worn condition 

 suggesting Neomeris or Larvaria as described by Morellet in some Tibetan material. 

 The type-material was from the Maestrichtian of Kampa Dzong, Tibet : Pfender's 

 record is from Sofular, Ankara, Turkey. She regarded both this Turkish and the 

 type Tibetan rocks as Palaeocene. In the type area the species comes from an 

 unequivocally Maestrichtian bed (Douville 1916), and it is not clear from her sum- 

 mary account which levels are represented at her Turkish locality. If the species 

 was correctly determined, it seems likely that it is Maestrichtian in view of the Iraqi 

 occurrences. 



Fragmentary remains of an indeterminate Cymopolia sp. have also been noted in 

 the Maestrichtian of Oman. 



Pia's reference of C. tibetica to the Tertiary Karreria Munier-Chalmas was based on 

 the former's recognition of this subgenus, not by the pyriform sporangia but by the 

 expanded primary branches. Pfender, however, states that L. Morellet, dissecting 

 Recent Cymopolia, found differences in this latter character between different 

 segments of the same plant. In the present work Karreria is restricted to those 

 Palaeocene Cymopolia showing pyriform sporangia. 



Cymopolia kurdistanensis Elliott 

 (PI. 10, figs. 2-5) 



1055b Cympolia kurdistanensis Elliott : 127, pi. 1, figs. 13-15. 

 i960 Cymopolia kurdistanensis Elliott ; Elliott : 225. 



Description. Tubular cylindrical thick-walled units with rounded ends : units 

 variable in length and diameter relationship, length up to 4-0 mm., diameter com- 

 monly about 0-75 mm. and exceptionally up to 1-5 mm. ; internal diameter (stem- 



