44 CALCAREOUS ALGAE OF THE MIDDLE EAST 



diameter 43% of external, whorls showing n or 12 large near-spherical sporangia 

 which occupy much of the wall-thickness, each sporangium associated with one very 

 short primary branch and four secondaries. Diameter of the primary at the opening 

 into the stem-cell 0-052 mm., sporangial diameter 0-130 mm., diameter of the outer 

 expanded ends of the secondaries 0-055 mm - 



Horizon. Palaeocene-Lower Eocene of the Middle East. 



Holotype. The specimen figured in pi. 8, fig. 2, from the Kolosh Formation 

 (Palaeocene-Lower Eocene) of Surdash, Sulemania Liwa, Iraq. V. 52057. 



Paratype. From the Sinjar Formation (Palaeocene-Lower Eocene) of Koi 

 Sanjak, Erbil Liwa, Iraq. V. 52058. 



Other Material. Fragments in the Palaeocene Umm er Rhudhama Formation 

 of Al Ghurra, Wagsa, Diwaniyah Liwa, S.W. Iraq. 



Remarks. This dainty little species is uncommon ; when compared with C. 

 kurdistanensis the lesser number of proportionally larger sporangia gives its charac- 

 teristic appearance. Although only known in thin section it is distinctive. Its 

 relation to C. kurdistanensis may be compared with that of the larger C. rarifistulosa 

 L. & J. Morellet to C. elongata. C. rarifistulosa, also known from fragmentary 

 material only, from the Miocene of Saucats, France, is described as having very large 

 subspherical sporangial cavities, apparently less than half the number seen in 

 C. elongata. 



I have pleasure in dedicating this species to Mrs. Irene Barber, who has typed all 

 my algal papers and reports. 



Cymopolia elongata (Defr.) Mun.-Chalm. 

 (PI. 10, fig. 1) 



1955b Cymopolia cf. elongata (Defr.) ; Elliott : 126. 

 i960 Cymopolia elongata (Defr.) ; Elliott : 225. 



Re-examination of the numerous specimens from the Iraqi and Arabian Palaeo- 

 cene/Lower Eocene, formerly referred to C. elongata, has shown that many may be 

 identified as near-vertical cuts tangential to the inner surface (stem-cell surface) of 

 C. kurdistanensis, or as fragments of examples showing the terminally-widening 

 secondaries of C. kurdistanensis. The remainder comprises random cuts of 

 Cymopolia sp. which are more likely to be C. kurdistanensis from their associations. 



It is therefore concluded that the true C. elongata has not been met with in the 

 Middle East collections studied, and that kurdistanensis is the typical and common 

 Palaeocene and Eocene species of Cymopolia there, as elongata is in Europe. 



Cymopolia (Karreria) sp. 



(PI. 10, fig. 6) 



x 955t> Cymopolia {Karreria) sp. ; Elliott : 126. 



Description. Units of about 0-73 mm. external diameter and 0-39 mm. internal 



