4 J. H. Rivett-Carnac—Prehistoric Remains [No. 1, 
exactly similar tumuliin Europe are to be seen. Andit suggests itself that 
the boulders were perhaps specially prepared to receive the inscriptions or 
ornamentation for which these marks were designed. 
So far as can be judged from the present appearance of the stones at 
Junapani, they were certainly in most instances laid lengthways, side by side, 
round the edge of the circle, in a manner resembling the arrangement of the 
stones in the Clava Tumulus figured on plate XI of Sir J. Simpson’s “ Archaic 
Sculpturings” (see Plate IT, fig. 1 and Pl. V, fig. 1) a work to which it will 
be necessary to make frequent references in the present paper. Mr. Carey 
. was, I believe, of opinion from the appearance of the stones at the Khywarree 
barrows examined by him, that the blocks had once been placed on end, and 
it is not improbable from the position of some of the largest blocks at Juna- 
pani, that some of these also may have been so placed. One of the stones 
covered all over-with cup-marks supports this view. It is conical in shape. 
It is the largest of the many large blocks at Junapani. Its dimensions 
are as follows: length ft. 10°3; breadth ft. 2°4, and height above the 
ground as it lies ft. 2°6. This block, and indeed nearly all those surrounding 
these tumuli have sunk deep into the earth and there is perhaps half as 
much below the surface of the ground as appears above it. Making 
allowance for this, the cubic contents of the stone would be say 16,000 
feet, and taking 200 Ibs. to the cubic foot of trap rock, the weight of this 
stone would be about 8 tons. ‘The stones on the north side of the circle, 
whence the drainage of the hill is, are deeply imbedded in the earth, and 
are sometimes hardly to be traced above the ground, the washings of the 
hill side, carried down by the drainage of ages, having nearly covered them 
up completely. 
The height of the mounds within the circles of stones is seldom 
more than from 3 to 4 feet above the level of the neighbouring 
ground, ‘There is no doubt, however, that the mounds, now nearly as hard 
as the rock itself, were originally composed of earth, loosely thrown up, and 
were consequently much higher than they now are. In the course of many — 
years, perhaps centuries, the boulders, surrounding these mounds, have sunk 
deep into the hard soil, and during the same period the once loose earth 
has become consolidated and compressed into its present form. In 
Plate III one of these barrows is shewn, the stones being ranged round 
the mound shewn in the background. In the foreground are some boulders 
of a tumulus that has been disturbed and examined. 
The number, size and position of the barrows will be best explained by 
the accompanying plan Plate I. It will be noticed, that the largest barrows 
are generally placed low down on the slope of the hill, the smaller circles, with 
the smaller stones being grouped on the top, and it suggests itself, that 
for the former tumuli the large boulders had to be selected from particular 
