1879.] the Afghan Tribes about Kandahar. 183 
8. Khunsézais. 
4. Baianzais. 
Of Panjpao Duranis ; 
1. Alizais. 
2. Nuvrzais. 
3. Khiigianis.* 
4, Makus. 
5. Sagzais. 
The above subdivisions are not all to be found in the official list of the 
subdivisions of the Afghan tribes, in which the Sadozai and Bamézai sections 
of the Pépalzais are the only ones given,while no subdivisions are given in it of 
the great Barakzai section, and the three subdivisions above given of the 
Alik6ézai section differ in name from the three given in the official list. The 
acknowledged imperfection of the official list and the great number of sub- 
divisions, into which every tribe or even section of a tribe of Afghans is 
split up, would easily account for my names varying from those found in it. 
I asked a great number of questions regarding these subdivisions, and as 
far as I know, the above information is correct. 
One curious point turned up during my interrogations. Several of those 
I questioned would not acknowledge the Achakzais as Duranis, though of 
course there can be no doubt as to their being so, while they admitted the 
Kakozai and Achalzai subdivisions of the Achakzais into the Barakzai section. 
I saw no Achakzais about Kandahar, though the Kh6jak Pass is held entirely 
_bythem.f The Sdgzais found in the Arghisan valley are not mentioned in the 
official list of the Panjpao Duranis. But I was assured, they were Durdnis 
and neither Pépalzais or Barakzais, but of a lower descent, 7. e., they were 
Panjpaos. If not a section of the Panjpaos, they are probably a subdivision 
of one of the sections. 
As regards the pronunciation of the names, the termination zai is some- 
times pronounced almost as zoi (two syllables) especially in the Arghisin 
* This name is pronounced Khaugan in the Arghisén valley and their village 
called Khaugdni Karéz (the name Karéz, being given a village, does not now argue the 
existence of a Karéz in its neighbourhood, it is merely an affix), similarly the Makus 
are called Mékidns and their village Mékién. The term Panjpao is usually also pro- 
nounced Panjpde about Kandahar. 
t+ The Achakzais are said to have been originally part of the Barakzais who were 
Separated from them for political reasons. Mir Aslam Khan the Sirdar or chief of the 
Achakzais calls himself Abdal ? Abdali = old name for Durdni. 
{ Duranis are divided into Zirak Durdnis with 4 sections, Pépalzais, Alikézais, 
Barakzais, Achakzais, and into Panjpao Duranis with 4 sections, Nurzais, Alizais, 
Ishakzais, Khigidnis, Mékus. The Zirak descent is considered by far the most honor- 
able. 
