1879.] H. L. St. Barbe—Pali Derivations in Burmese. 257 
(a4gamma), arum (arammand4), nigum: (nigama), saranagum (sarana gama- 
nam), apud (apada), vevuch (vevachanam), unnalum (unnalamba ?). 
III. Occasionally some other change occurred in the word, viz.— 
(a.) The Burmese substantive prefix “a’’ was given. 
E, g. arup (rapam), arasa (rasam), akhan (Kkhandeti). 
(0.) The initial vowel was dropped. 
LE. g. pama (upam4), lanké (alankara), dhitthan (adhitthanam), bhissit 
(abhisito), rahan: (araham), numo (anu modan4). 
(c.) Some medial alteration took place. 
£. g. muigh (megha), adhwan (addhana), bhe: (bhaya), sabho (sabhava), 
galun (garulo), mahut* (muhutta), puthui (thipo?). For a similar inver- 
sion compare danchakii: for chandakii:, krapate for prakate, and perhaps 
rakhuin for kharuin. 
The above is a brief and imperfect summary of the methods employed 
in adapting Pali derivatives to the Burmese vernacular. Some of the 
changes and modifications were necessitated by the character of the lan- 
guage ; others were dictated by euphony. I have not here analysed the 
reasons for any change, nor have I noticed the specialities or alterations of 
meaning which many words have assumed in their transfer. Such terms as 
sanbho (a ship), sankan: (a chivara), sankham: (a hermitage), dhivam 
(the north star), pariydy (artifice), charit (expenses), joti (a schismatic) can- 
not be found with such significations in any Pali or Sanskrit dictionary, 
and a long list of obviously Indic words could be made up comprising such 
common names as pufifia: (a Brahmin), muttho (a dagoba), rikkha (provi- 
sions), purapuik (a slate &c.), koja (anera), prakkadin (an almanack), which 
are not to be found at all. 
I should mention in concluding that some Pali words are to be found 
in several forms, such as kammam kam kramma, kaya kaiy, mag magga 
maggin, sarup rup rupa arup, mit metta, chit cheta, &c. The Burmese are 
fond also of using a Pali and Burmese word of the same signification to 
form a sort of aggregative compound. 
B. g. mit-chhue (friends), amin ana (an order), pum-santhéin (appear- 
ance), amhu kichcha (business), arap-desa (a place), amyak-dosa (anger), &e. 
These well exemplify the way in which Pali has become interwoven 
with the common speech and thought of the people. A thorough knowledge 
of Burmese would necessitate some acquaintance with its Aryan ally, and 
one could wish to see a dictionary or grammar undertaken with some recog- 
nition of this fact. 
* This dropping of the “w’ is very common in Burmese as pati:, pachchhui:, &c. 
for puti:, puchchhui, 
