106 R. C. Temple—Wotes on the Formation of the Country [No. 2, 
To A’lizai.—Country torrent-scoured and covered with detritus and in 
places much broken by the wash of the water: soil, light and sandy. 
To Khishdil Khin.—Country near the hills stony, water-washed and 
covered with detritus : it is intersected by several torrent beds : soil, light and 
sandy. About the low lands the country much broken and intersected by 
deep nullahs: soil, clay. The country is everywhere bare of trees. 
To Sharan Kiréz, N. EB. Pishin—On the glacis country stony and 
covered with detritus, intersected by torrent beds. Hills apparently 
composed of slaty shale and slate with layers of schist cropping up. Coun- 
try about Sharan Karéz much broken. 
Surat Pass.—The country is wild and broken, consisting of a series 
of conical hills of slaty shale and slate, much disintegrated at the surface, 
probably from the action of ice and frost, 
Dof Vailley.—This valley is about 15 miles long by 8 broad. The 
glacis and water-scoured appearance of the country is similar to that 
observed in the Pishin valley. Soil, light and friable and not so good as in 
the Pishin valley. 
Gwal Valley.—Valley about 20 miles long by about 3 to 4 broad. 
Country much the same as before: soil, not deep, say 2 to 23 feet deep 
over conglomerate, itis very light and friable. 
Pinikai Hilis.—The hills are apparently of conglomerate and much 
water-worn. They have the appearance of being formed of the detritus 
of a lofty range of mountains like the lower hills in the Himalayan Ranges. 
The soil seems to be strongly impregnated with lime. 
Gurkhai Defile.—The defile is of variable width, having high precipi- 
tous rocks of sandstone and grey limestone in the narrower places. It 
is broken up by low conical hills of soft red and grey clay in the wider 
portions. 
Sagar.—The country is excessively wild and broken. Sagar is a kind of 
valley between high hills, but it is full of small conical hills of clay and in 
places of soft disintegrated shaly slate. The soil varies greatly in colour ; 
white, grey, yellow and a bright red in the clay and bluish in the slate 
hills, trees are scarce. 
Moséi Pass, gorge of the R. Zadin.—Hills at first of soft shaly clay 
and ironstone, but in the gorge of the river Zadtin they are very similar 
to those in Sagar, and of red, yellow and grey clays. Afterwards the hills 
become undulating and apparently are of sandstone. 
Gorge of the R. Rod.—High mountainous limestone hills with fairly 
horizontal strata. The soil about I'saf Kach is sandy. 
Ush Pass ; Ispira Ragha,—The hills as far as Ispira Ragha seem to 
be composed of sandstones, clays of various colours, slate and shale, 
