1879.] during the Campaign of 1878-79. 147 
I. Qunrta Corumy. 
A large number of Surveyors being with the Quetta Column, a good 
deal of quite new country was explored and old reconnaissances checked 
and improved. The survey operations were, however, almost always in 
immediate connection with the military movements, and although every 
possible assistance and facility was freely given by the authorities, the 
work of the Surveyors had to be confined to afew miles oneither side of 
the routes followed by the troops, and to fixing points from such mountain 
peaks as they had the opportunity of ascending. 
Necessarily many of these routes were the same as had been surveyed 
in 1839-42, but, thanks to the advanced state of the operations of the 
Great Trigonometrical Survey of India, they can now be more accurately 
connected with the Geography of India, the connecting link being the 
preliminary triangulation carried on by Capt. Rogers, R. E., in the early 
part of 1878 and consisting, as stated in the General Report of the Opera- 
tions of the Survey of India for 1877-78, p. 15, of an extension of the 
Indus Series by a secondary triangulation from the western Frontier of 
Sind into Baluchistan, along the line between Jacobabad and Quetta, and 
of a small triangulation in the Quetta Valley for the purpose of fixing the 
position and heights of the most conspicuous hills around, and connecting 
them with permanent marks which were put down for reference near the 
cantonments. 
The survey operations with this column have consequently been based 
upon this triangulation. The fixed peaks on the Sulimani Range have been 
and will be very serviceable for the lines of survey from West to East 
across the great belt of hitherto terra incognita, between the road to Kan- 
dahar and the British Frontier. 
Capt. M. W. Rogers, R. E. was attached to the advanced Force under 
General Stewart and carried on a route Survey from Quetta to Kila Ab- 
dulla at the foot of the Kwaja Amran Range, and thence to the crest of 
the Khojak Pass on the same range. He says this range was a great obstacle 
to the survey, extending right across the route and presenting no peaks 
for identification on the other side. It runs North and East, bearing 210° 
or thereabouts. There are in it three known passes, Khojak, Roghani and 
Gwaja. The Khojak, the most northerly, starts from Kila Abdulla and 
was the one used by the army in 1839. It is about 10} miles to the crest 
or Kotal, which is about 7,600 feet above sea level. The first 10 miles 
are not difficult, but the next 15 are very steep, narrow and winding, and 
no work had been able to make it more than a practicable but difficult 
road. rom the crest there is a very steep descent ; a zig-zag camel track 
had been made and a straight (or nearly so) slide for guns (angle 30°) ; 
over this the field guns were lowered, but it would be almost impossi- 
