148 J. Waterhouse—The Survey Operations in Afyhinistan [No. 8, 
ble to bring them up again. To Chaman, on the Kandahar side from the 
crest, after the 3 mile of steep descent, there is a gentle slope of 44 miles. 
The country on the other side of the Khojak he describes as a plain 
_ with small hills and ranges rising from it. Towards the south-west it is a 
sandy desert to all appearances with no hills. 
From a hill of 8,200 feet near the Khojak he observed two of his old 
stations Takatu and Chiltan and all recognisable peaks around, especially 
in front. 
He then went with General Stewart to Gulistén Karez, at the foot of 
the Gwaja pass, and traversed through the pass. He says this pass is but 
little known, but has always been the Kafila route. Colonel Sankey had 
improved it and made it a very good road, about 22 miles long with fairly 
easy gradients ; its crest is some 700 feet lower than that of the Khojak, 
and native report, which says that the latter is closed every year after the 
first fall of snow, says that the Gwaja has not been closed for 10 years, 
Captain Rogers visited what he believed to be the highest peak of the range, 
about 9,100 feet, and had a splendid view. He could see Quetta and some 
hills which the natives said were close to Kandahar. He carried on his 
traverse through the Gwaja Pass vi@ Haoz and Jaktipal to Kandahar, the 
points he had fixed from the Kwaja range aiding him greatly. He says 
the country between the Kwaja Amrin Range and Kandahar is full of 
hills and ravines, flat generally and very fertile in many places, 
In December, 1878, aroute survey with chain and plane-table was made 
by Captain R. Beavan of the Survey of India, starting from Madadalari 
G. T. S., near the Bhandawali Post, vid Bugti Dera up to the point where 
the road emerges into the Katchi near Lehri. 
At the request of General Stewart he then explored the routes on 
either side of the Bolan Pass with the object of finding an alternative 
route, and states that there is a fair track for camels from Naghesur by the 
Pashtal Valley to Kirta, up which a road might be made for carts at some 
expense, but no labour is obtainable in that part of the country. 
There is also a route by the Mushkaf River from Sibi, or entering the 
hills by the Kumri stream near Dadur, over Takri Takht and down the 
Pishi stream into the Kirta (Laleji) Valley opposite Bibinani. This, how- 
ever, crosses the range of hills which rise 400 or 500 feet above the plain 
on either side, and without tunneling it would be very difficult to make a 
road for carts. 
The whole of the country is very stony, nothing underfoot but boul- 
ders and gravel with a small proportion of sandy soil. The hills are mostly 
in parallel ridges with stony plains intervening. 
Captain Beavan then carried a route traverse up the Bolin Pass from 
