152 J. Waterhouse—The Survey Operations in Afghinistin  [No. 3, 
west, and it is here that there are passes into the Arghandab Valley whence 
the water is brought in which irrigates the Kandahar Valley. The water 
of the Tarnak is not, so far as he had seen, used for irrigation as it runs 
at too low a level. The city is built for the most part of mud and of 
sun-dried bricks, so little masonry is there about it ; but it is built solidly, 
with walls 4 or 5 feet thick, on a large scale, and in the dry climate the 
weather does not very seriously affect even mud. 
The high massive walls of the city appear in excellent order from 
outside, and it is only when one comes inside and stands on the tower of 
the citadel that the dilapidations become striking, and one comes to the 
conclusion that, with the exception of one or two mosques and a mauso- 
leum, Kandahar is at least very much out of repair. The citadel is a palace 
with all the accessories of court-yards and stables on a large scale, sur- 
rounded by a high massive wall and ramparts of its own. The buildings in 
the citadel in many cases are of three and four storeys : the walls very thick, 
the rooms low and small, connected by numerous dark low passages with 
curious deep recesses, probably for servants ; most of the buildings have 
well-lighted underground rooms—prophetic of great heat. 
The bazar contains many good things of a certain class, and is 
crowded all day. The inhabitants treated the troops outwardly as if they 
were used to them, neither glad to see them, nor displeased at their being 
there, and they were at least ready to sell them anything. 
There are excellent cheap sheepskin coats and stockings, chogas of 
pashmina and of capital close felt, which appears to be a Kandahar speci- 
alité: old British uniforms of all kinds, but very little English cloth, 
Manchester or other. The copper-work in pots and pans, the iron agri- 
cultural implements, the earthen-ware drinking and eating vessels all 
exhibit more finish and more artistic feeling than those of the Hindus. 
The leather too is much better prepared than in India, though there is 
still the same weak sewing. 
But the feature as compared with the bazars of Hindustan is the 
variety and quantity of the food exposed for sale: fried fish and kabobs, 
stewed fruit and curds; the Kandahar bread, an excellent light flat cake ; 
carrots, spinach and watercresses ; while the stalls for the sale of raisins, 
almonds, dried figs, apricots and such pomegranates as Captain Heaviside had 
never seen before, were as common as public-houses in London. 
In April, a party of surveyors, consisting of Captain Rogers and Lieut. 
Hobday with Captain Sartorius, 59th Regt. and Lieut. Baynes, 60th Regt. 
Asst. Field Engineers, accompanied a column going for revenue into the 
country north of Kandahar between the Arghand4b River and the hills of 
the north side of the Khakrez Valley, and the survey of this and adjacent — 
valleys was carried out as the movements of the troops allowed, the northern- 
most limit being Asub Kila, or Gandab, about 36 miles from Kandahar. 
