154 J. Waterhouse—The Survey Operations in Afghinistin  [No. 3, 
made, and Captain Heaviside was able to connect his Kadanai work with the 
Khojak points, but only by staying on the top for several hours waiting for 
breaks in the alternations of dust and showers below and snow above. 
From these points he carried a connection by triangulation across the 
Pishin Valley to Khushdil, but with great difficulty owing to the heaviness 
of the weather. Captain Holdich at the same time carried on his plane- 
tabling on the basis of two or three points fixed by Captain Rogers near 
Quetta, also on points obtained from independent bases, and occasionally 
from the traverse work with compass and perambulator, which was con- 
tinued steadily through from camp to camp. From Balozai, two marches 
beyond Khushdil, he made a reconnaissance southwards with Col. Brown, 
R. E., to Gwal and Amadiin, while Captain Heaviside accompanied General 
Biddulph on a reconnaissance to the head of the Zhob Valley. 
Leaving Balozai on the 24th of March, the Thal Chotidli Force 
marched nearly due east through Eusaf Katch to Spirargah. The route 
led chiefly up the bed of a main tributary of the Surkhéb river over the 
Ushtdrah Pass 8,000 feet high. The scenery about this pass was quite 
Alpine in character: the camp was pitched at the foot of a fine snow 
mountain, the hill sides were fairly clothed with a speciés of juniper, while 
the extraordinarily varied and brilliant colouring of the soil lent additional 
charm to the scene and was a pleasant change from the monotony of flat 
treeless valleys and bare rocky hills that characterised the country be- 
tween Kandahar and Quetta. From Spirargah the Force marched over 
the Momangai Pass (8,500 feet) to Oboskoi, Chimjin and Ningén where 
the Bori Valley was struck. From Ningan, the line taken lay north of the 
route through Thal and Chotiali pursued by the 1st and 3rd columns, and 
the Bori Valley was followed and for a distance of 830 miles was found to 
be wide and open, well cultivated and more prosperous looking than any- 
thing they had seen since leaving Kandahar. This valley was quitted three 
marches beyond Ningan where the Anambar river passes through a gap in 
the range bounding the valley to the south. The Khru mountain which 
overhangs this gap was ascended in the hope that some points on the 
Sulimdn range would be seen therefrom, but this expectation was disap- 
pointed. A connected triangulation had been carried on to this point, but 
triangulation had now to be dropped and the Survey carried on solely with 
the plane table, checked by traverses and Astronomical latitudes. Leaving 
the Anambar gap (3,800 feet) the Force, instead of following the Anambar 
river southwards to Chotiali, marched to the south-east, crossing the Trikh 
Kurram Pass (4,200 feet) and thence into the Chamalang Valley in 
two long marches. From Chamilang the route led due south over the 
Hanukai Pass (4,400 feet) to Balladaka, and thence over the Han Pass to 
the Kaho Valley. Between Anamb4r and the Kaho Valley the country is 
