115 
A SIMPLE SCHEMA of the LYMPHATIC 
CIRCULATION. 
By F. Cuartes Larkin, M.R.C.S. Eng., &., 
DEMONSTRATOR OF PHYSIOLOGY IN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LIVERPOOL. 
With Plate IV. 
[Read 8th February, 1889.] 
Ir has been my experience, and I believe the experience 
of many other teachers, that students have great difficulty 
in comprehending the nature of the lymph and the forces 
concerned in its circulation. This was, I thought, due to 
the want of some simple model illustrating the funda- 
mental principle of the lymphatic circulation—that is, the 
relation of the lymphatics and blood vessels to one another 
through the tissue interspaces. 
With the object of making the relationship clear, I con- 
structed, some four years ago, the little schema that I now 
describe, and which has assisted me greatly in explaining, 
and my students assure me it has assisted them in under- 
standing easily what was otherwise very difficult. 
The apparatus illustrates four chief points :— 
1. That the lymph is the transudation, exudation, or 
filtration fluid from the capillaries. 
2. That it exudes first into the tissue interspaces. 
3. That the lymphatics commence freely in these inter- 
spaces. 
4. That the force that propels the lymph onwards in the 
lymphatics is fundamentally the same as that which causes 
the flow of blood in the blood vessels. 
The apparatus, a rough sketch of which is seen in Plate 
IV., consists of the following parts :— 
An elastic ball-syringe a, with valves arranged so that 
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