164 TRANSACTIONS LIVERPOOL BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



comprehensive investigation of shell-fish beds and layings 

 round the coasts of England and Wales, and the publica- 

 tion, in the following year (1896), of a Local Government 

 Board Report by the late Dr. H. Timbrell Bulstrode, with 

 an additional Report on the bacteriology by Dr. E. Klein. 



In the meantime Professor Boyce and I continued 

 our investigations on the bacteriology of shell-fish under 

 various conditions, both at Port Erin and also in the 

 Zoological and the Pathological laboratories of the 

 University of Liverpool, with the help of several col- 

 leagues, and read successive reports at the Liverpool 

 (1896), the Toronto (1897) and the Bristol (1898) meetings 

 of the British Association. We also published a paper on 

 an unhealthy condition of American oysters associated 

 with the accumulation of copper in the leucocytes (Proc. 

 Royal Society, 1897) ; and finally incorporated all our 

 results in a larger work "Oysters and Disease," issued as 

 a "Lancashire Sea-Fisheries Memoir" in 1899. 



One of our first objects in all this work had been to 

 determine whether sewage bacteria, such as the Bacillus 

 coli communis and B. enteritidis sporogenes, occurred in 

 the alimentary canal of the living oyster taken fresh from 

 the beds — apart from what might be found in stored 

 oysters obtained in towns from markets and shops. We 

 also, in order to trace the history of the bacteria in the 

 shell-fish, infected oysters kept under experimental con- 

 ditions, and examined these after fixed intervals of time, 

 and so were able to show that the typhoid organism, for 

 example, could be recovered from our experimental 

 oysters up to 10 or 12 days after infection, and even under 

 some conditions up to three weeks from the sea-water 

 associated with the oysters. 



In the 1896 report (British Association — Liverpool 

 meeting) we dealt mainly with the bacteriology of the 



