428 TRANSACTIONS LIVERPOOL BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



SPRINGS. 



Date, 

 1913. 



State of tide. 



Wind. 



Speed of current. 



Oct. 31st. 

 Nov. 1st. 

 Nov. 26th. 

 Nov. 27th. 



3| hours ebb. 

 2\ hours ebb. 

 2 hours flood. 

 1 hour flood. 



W.S.W. strong. 

 S. light. 



W.N.W. fresh breeze. 

 S.W. light. 



If miles per hour. 

 2^ miles per hour. 

 1520 yards per hour. 

 About \ mile per hour. 



NEAPS. 



Nov. 5th. 

 Nov. 6th. 



4 \ hours flood. 

 1 hour flood. 



W.N.W. moderate. 

 S. moderate. 



About \ mile per hour, 

 540 yards per hour. 



I shall now give the conclusions to be drawn as to the 

 conditions generally. 



Captain Lewis tells me that during the winter the 

 sewage pipe is permanently open, this being thought the 

 most satisfactory way of dealing with it. I have seen it 

 stated in Dr. Bulstrode's report on mussel contamination, 

 and in Dr. Johnstone's report recently, on the authority 

 of the local officials, that the flow of the sewage is such, 

 that on a flood tide it is carried over to the south side of 

 the river, and then out to sea. This is obviously not the 

 case. The direction as far as Penhelyg is close to the 

 north shore, and directly over the mussel beds. At 

 Penhelyg, on a rising tide, there is a big eddy caused 

 by the projection of the point, which throws the water 

 back, and the floats remain stationary for some time. 

 What happens subsequently depends chiefly, so far as I 

 could judge, on the state of the tide. If the tide is fairly 

 high, and the current running strongly, the floats will 

 follow the bed of the river, and as the amount of water 

 diminishes, so the line taken will be nearer inshore. It 

 seems to me likely that a fair amount of sewage gets 



