EFPAGrEUS. 551 



The rostrum is fairly long and pointed. The whole 

 carapace is smooth and quite free from minute denticu- 

 lations. Each abdominal segment has two small dorsal 

 and four lateral projections (two on each side) on its 

 hind border. There are two fixed telson spines* on 

 either side, the inner one straight and spinose, the outer 

 smooth and curved, and a number of other spines, 

 according to the age of the larva. A small hair-like 

 process springs from under the outside spine on each side. 

 The telson is a very characteristic spatulate shape with a 

 median marginal notch in its posterior edge. There is 

 a characteristic and obvious difference between the telson 

 of this species (E. bernhardus) and that of the nearly 

 allied E. yrideau.xii (figs. 48 and 49). The 

 telson of E. frideauxii is shorter and more 

 triangular in the first Zoea stage than that of 

 E. bernhardus, but a more striking divergence is 

 seen in the spines on the telson. The first Zoea of 

 E. bernhardus has altogether six spines on either side of 

 the median notch, and the third from the outside has no 

 suture between it and the telson, and is half as long 

 again as the inside spines. The same spine in 

 E. prideauxii is equal in length to the other spines and 

 is jointed to the telson. The proportion of length holds 

 good through all the stages. The uropods of the later 

 stages also differ. The living Zoea is transparent and 

 has a patch of reddish yellow pigment under the dorsal 

 side of the carapace. The eyes are compound and black, 

 with a narrow yellow surround ; two red spots are often 

 present under the eyes on the mouth region. 



The six larval stages may be distinguished by the 

 following characters : — 



i.e., spines which do not articulate with the telson. 



