36 TRANSACTIONS LIVERPOOL BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
introduction of Greek into the curriculum of schools came 
with the Renaissance, but was not, as is often suggested, 
responsible for the birth of the new learning.” Greek was 
introduced into Winchester and Eton, New College and 
Magdalen, in the fifteenth century, because these schools 
and colleges were the advanced institutions of the day, and 
_ their scholars the leading humanists of their age, were eager for 
new light. ‘‘ Humanism then meant the substitution of the new 
teaching for old, and its followers aimed at moulding the 
nature of man as a citizen, an active member of the State, 
rather than at contmuing the studies of doctrines relating 
to the next world upon which the attention of educated mankind 
had been concentrated for a thousand years ”’ (B). 
The modern side of most schools is still regarded as a place 
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fit only for “rotters”’ and “slackers,” because the subjects 
are not properly taught, and because the masters too often 
encourage the best boys to study classics in order to win 
one of the numerous classical scholarships; while “stinks ” 
is good enough for the worst! The Greeks knew better than 
this 2,000 years ago, for the Ephebi or undergraduates at the 
Periclean University used to study ‘‘ Nature or Natural Science 
as then understood.” (Dr. McCann.) (A.) 
In my opinion, the study of natural science is a better 
intellectual traming than the study of the dead languages and 
mythology of extinct races :—and it is far more useful. An 
_ average man who wants to read Greek philosophy or Roman 
history, how, for example, Caesar invaded Gaul and was 
worried by the Belgi, can read it-in the King’s English with 
far less expenditure of time, energy and money than reading 
it in the original. In order to study Ancient Jewish history 
and philosophy it is not necessary to learn Hebrew, the English 
translation of the Old Testament is good enough for most. 
Some object to a scientific education on the ground it 
encourages materialism. “If we are not clever,” they say, 
‘““we are at least good,” “‘the Germans, though scientifically 
