38 TRANSACTIONS LIVERPOOL BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
material, we shall have to face problems, many of which, being 
biological, should interest the members of this Society. We 
shall have, for example, to consider the application of biological 
knowledge to the problems of Capital and Labour. If the 
Trades Union leaders had the slightest conception of the 
principles of Biology, of the laws of Growth and Degeneration, 
they would not tolerate the infamous habit of discouraging, 
even penalising, a worker for domg his best at his “job,” for 
making the best of his “‘talents”’ be they one or ten.* It is 
a habit which is biologically immoral! Inexorable Nature will 
inevitably damn the nation which continues to practise it. 
We shall have to consider how biological knowledge 
regarding the laws of heredity can best be applied to discourage 
the marriage of the unfit, and the elimination of the “ born 
tireds,’” the insane, the habitual criminals and _ habitual 
drunkards. We shall also have to re-consider how biological 
knowledge regarding the influence of environment upon 
physique, upon character, and upon intellect can best be applied 
to the education of the Nation’s children. 
We shall have to bring scientific methods, scientific 
knowledge and scientific research into every department of | 
life. 
“For now the day is unto them that know, 
And not henceforth she stumbles on the prize ; 
And yonder march the nations full of eyes.” 
(William Watson.) 
* « Loyal men have been terrorised into restricting output, as in the case 
of an Enfield rifleman who was able to earn Is. 6d. per hour, but was not 
allowed to rise above Is. Another man was fined by his Friendly Society 
for working too quickly; another was terrorised by the Arsenal foreman 
for doing “too much ” ; a whole shop was set on to mock a clever fellow 
making 4-5 guns in the Coventry Ordnance Works because he finished a 
job in 83 hours that ought to have taken 31$ hours. Belgian workmen in 
England have been warned against breaking Trades Union customs by 
working too hard.’ (Leading Article, Liverpool Daily Post, Lloyd George’s 
Bristol Speech, September 10, 1915.) 
In spite of the Munitions Act, Sir William Beardmore, at the Annual 
Meeting of Iron and Steel Institute, made the following statement :— 
“The production of shells at Park Head Forge Projectile Factory by girls 
was in all cases more than double that of thoroughly-trained mechanics— 
members of the Trades Unions—working the same machines under the 
same conditions.” (J'imes, May 5, 1916.) 
