FROM NORTHWESTERN EUROPE 105 
crinoid ossicles, zeilleriids and terebratulids as well as sponges. The rhynchonellids 
were interesting in that the two species present belonged to two different genera 
namely, Torquirhynchia and Lacunosella ; both species were associated with the 
sponges and Dr. Enay stated that this is a characteristic association of the mutabilis 
zone in that area. 7. cf. astieriformis was the least abundant element of the 
fauna. 
Remarks. Although externally one, at least, of the specimens figured by 
Wisniewska very closely resembles the material from Isere, the lack of records from 
the intervening area and the lack of knowledge as to the internal structures of the 
Polish material precludes a definite conspecific identification of the French and 
Polish specimens. 
Torquirhynchia speciosa (Minster) 
(Pl. 11, figs. 1-3, text-fig. 37) 
1832 Tevebvatula difformis Lamarck; Zieten: 56, pl. 62, figs. 2. 
1839 Tevebvatula inconstans speciosa Miinster: 113, pl. 13, fig. 6. 
1847 Rhynchonella Astieriana Orbigny: 14-15, pl. 492, figs. 1-4. 
1850 Rhynchonella Astieriana Orbigny; Orbigny: 24. 
1852 Tevebratula inconstans Quenstedt: 455, pl. 36, fig. 44. 
1858 Rhynchonella Astieriana Orbigny; Suess: 52, pl. 6, fig. 2. 
1863 Rhynchonella inconstans Orbigny; Ooster: 47, pl. 15, figs. I-13. 
1871 Tevebvatula inconstans speciosa Quenstedt: 138-39, pl. 15, figs. 45, 51, 250. 
1885 Tevebratula inconstans Quenstedt: 694, pl. 53, fig. 64. 
1913 Rhynchonella Astieriana Orbigny; Jacob & Fallot: 43, pl. 5, 
1917 Rhynchonella Astieviana Orbigny; Rollier: 176. 
1917 Rhynchonella speciosa Rollier: 178. 
EMENDED DIAGNOsIS. Largest known species of Torquirhynchia, being up to 
Io cm wide ; 20~30 coarse, angular ribs ; large prominent suberect beak ; asym- 
metrical ; width always greater than length ; crural bases sharply pointed ; crura 
radulifer. 
STRATIGRAPHICAL RANGE. Kimmeridgian—lower Volgian : limestones in which 
topotypes occur range from subeuwmela to Gravesia zones (Dr. Barthel, personal 
communication 1965). 
TYPE SPECIMEN. Lectotype, here selected, is the specimen originally figured by 
Minster, pl. 13, fig. 6 ; a plaster cast of this is in the collection of the B.M.(N.H.), 
B. 5513. 
DIMENSIONS OF LECTOTYPE. Taken from plaster cast mentioned above : length 
5°22 cm, thickness 3-35 cm, width 7-92 cm. 
MATERIAL. 28 specimens in the collection of the author including B.M. BB.45171, 
BB.45173 from Saal, Germany. 2 specimens from collection of the University of 
Tubingen. 
DEscRIPTION. External characters. T. speciosa is one of the largest Mesozoic 
rhynchonellids : Quenstedt (1871) recorded a specimen over 10-0 cm wide. The 
species shows considerable variation in outline but, as the greatest width is well 
toward the anterior, it is usually subtriangular or suboval. There are about 20-30 
