212 UPPER CRETACEOUS TELEOSTS 
block. The symplectic is acutely pointed ventrally and lies in a medial groove on 
the quadrate. 
The quadrate is large and triangular with a transverse condyle. The bone is thin 
but its anterior and posterior edges are slightly thickened. The symplectic groove is 
long and shallow, ending ventrally just behind the condyle. The posterior thickened 
edge is grooved slightly for the leading edge of the preoperculum. The anterior edge 
of the quadrate is sutured to the ectopterygoid. 
The ectopterygoid is bent through a slight angle. Anteriorly it meets the palatine 
in an elongate oblique suture, and in its anterior half bears an elongate, ventral tooth 
patch. The individual teeth are minute, especially posteriorly. The dorsal edge of 
the ectopterygoid is grooved for the reception of the endopterygoid. 
The metapterygoid is a well ossified, thin sheet of bone contacting the quadrate 
ventrally. More dorsally the metapterygoid has a prominent internal horizontal 
flange widening anteriorly. The posterior region of the endopterygoid is inserted 
on to the ventral surface of the anterior part of this flange. Postero-dorsally the 
metapterygoid overlies the antero-ventral part of the lateral face of the hyoman- 
dibular. 
The endopterygoid is thin and horizontal. The dorsal surface is slightly concave 
and articulates medially with the ventral surface of the lateral parasphenoid flange. 
The endopterygoid bears an oval patch of teeth ventrally. As on the ectopterygoid 
the teeth are minute and give the appearance of being nothing more than a roughened 
surface. 
The palatine is elongate and thicker than the ectopterygoid, inclining, anteriorly, 
towards the mid-line. Postero-dorsally the palatine is thickened medially where it 
connects with the ventro-lateral region of the lateral ethmoid. The maxillary 
process of the palatine is hollow and filled with cartilage. Gosline, Marshall and 
Mead (1966 : 2) have suggested that the palatine bone, in respect of its articulation 
with the maxilla, is different from the salmoniforms. It certainly is significantly 
different from that of the elopoids (Gosline, Marshall and Mead, 1966, fig. 1 ; Goody, 
1969), but Weitzman (1967 : 528) points out that many salmoniforms have the 
same arrangement as in the myctophiforms. On the medial face of the maxillary 
process the lateral wing of the mesethmoid attaches. Below the maxillary process 
is a further facet for the reception of the lateral vomerine wing. Ventrally the 
palatine has a broad band of teeth. The teeth are of two main types, minute 
marginal teeth continuous with those on the ectopterygoid, and larger, acutely 
pointed teeth in two rows. The tooth bearing region tapers posteriorly so that at 
the extreme posterior end only the internal row of palatine teeth remains. 
Dermal upper jaw. The dermal upper jaw is shown in lateral view in Text-figure 
go. The premaxilla is long and narrow for most of its length, forming the entire oral 
border of the mouth. Anteriorly a short broad ascending process meets its partner 
in the mid-line and both rest on the anterior edge of the mesethmoid. The internal 
face of the ascending process is hollowed out and rests on cartilage above the 
vomerine region. From the postero-lateral edge of the ascending process there is a 
short, stout articular process. The premaxilla is furnished with minute marginal 
