124 TRANSACTIONS LIVERPOOL BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
5. Fresh?’ Vawlins. 
These are immature herrings about 10 to 14 ems. long. 
They were caught off the Essex coast about 28.3.18, brine- 
frozen and cold-stored till 3.5.18. Sample 1 consisted of the 
whole fish and Sample 2 of the “flesh” only. Each was, as 
usual, a composite sample. 
Water. Fat. Proteid. Ash. Total. Nitrogen. 
| aie ene 59-1 0°4  30°9 9:2 99°6 179 
Dog ece ccs psse 82°3 0°7 12°9 3°4 99°3 15°5 
These fish have been canned in oil and tomato sauce, but 
they are certainly the least suitable of those examined so far. 
They are very poor in fat, the flesh is thin and watery and the 
fish are, aS a rule, carelessly handled by the fishermen and 
stand transport very badly. The brine-freezing, in this case, 
added to the quantity of salt in the tissues, but even in quite 
fresh fish the mineral matter would be relatively high 
because of the influence of the bones in thin fish such as these. 
6. Whitebait, fresh and brine-irozeng 
1. Sprats from Menai Straits, 45 to 60 mm. long, 23.7.18. 
2. Herrings from Menai Straits, 65 to 80 mm., 23.7.18. 
3. Sprats and herrings from Menai Straits, 50 to 60 mm., 
4.10.18. >, 
4. Sprats from Morecambe, caught August 18th, brine- 
frozen and cold-stored till 7.2.19. 60 to 80 mm. 
Water. Fat. Proteid. Ash. Total. Nitrogen. 
De cists 19°9 0°8 Wit 1-4 100:0 16°6 
Barisan 80°4 0-7 17°3 2°5 100°9 16°7 
De Geos FOr ad 18°4 2°0 100°7 16°6 
A inpenec 69°6 0°8 20°2 8-2 98°8 15-1 
These are fish which are of little value for canning purposes 
(though “Sardine Whitebait ” has been packed in oil in tins). 
The flesh is watery and almost wanting in fat. Whitebait are 
dificult to “handle,” and brine-freezing with subsequent 
