48 TRANSACTIONS LIVERPOOL BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
fjord-like sea-lochs of the West of Scotland might yield valuable 
information. He accordingly built a small steam yacht of 
about 38 tons, called the ‘‘ Medusa,” fitted wp with all necessary 
apparatus for dredging and trawling and for taking deep-sea 
temperatures and other observations. This little vessel was, 
in fact, fully equipped for oceanographical investigations in the 
neighbourhood of land, and during the years 1884 to 1892 she 
was almost continuously engaged in exploring the deep sea- 
lochs of the Western Highlands. Various younger scientific 
men, such as Dr. W. E. Hoyle and Dr. H. R. Mill, were associ-. 
ated with Murray in this work. Considerable collections were 
made, some of which are now in the British Museum, and 
many scientific papers contributed to various journals have 
resulted from the periodic cruises of the ‘“ Medusa.” One 
result was the discovery in the deeper waters of Loch Ktive 
and Upper Loch Fyne of the remnants of an arctic fauna. _ 
From time to time during these researches in the sea-lochs 
the “‘ Medusa”’ penetrated to the fresh-water lochs, such as 
Loch Lochie and Loch Ness, which are united by the Caledonian 
Canal, and Murray was greatly impressed by the differences — 
in the physical and biological conditions between the salt and 
the fresh water lochs. This observation seems to have led to 
another of Murray’s scientific activities, namely, the bathy- 
metrical survey of the fresh water lochs of Scotland, undertaken . 
between the years 1897 and 1909. It was already known that, 
like some of the salt water fjords outside, certain of these fresh © 
water lochs are of surprising depth. For example, 175 fathoms 
had been recorded by Buchanan in Loch Morar, and Murray 
subsequently running a line of soundings along this loch found 
at one spot a depth of 180 fathoms. . 
The survey was undertaken at first in collaboration with 
his young friend, Mr. Frederick P. Pullar, who was drowned 
in a gallant attempt to save the lives of others in a skating 
accident on Loch Airthrey in 1901. The results of the Lake 
