12 G. FL Wright—The Muir Glacier. 
parallel with the ice-front on that side, and at about equal 
distances from each other, each one rising from the water’s 
edge to the foot of the mountain, where they are 408 feet above 
tide. An inspection of the upper moraine ridge shows the 
manner of its formation. This transverse ridge isone-half mile 
below the ice-front, and is still underlaid in some portions with 
masses of ice thirty feet or more in thickness, which are melt- 
ing away on their sides and allowing the debris covering them 
to slide down about their bases. Kettle-holes are in all stages 
of formation along this ridge. The sub-glacial stream emerging 
from the southeast corner of the glacier next the mountain 
rushes along just in the rear of this moraine ridge and in front 
of a similar deposit in process of formation on the very edge of 
the ice where the medial moraines spoken of terminate. 
Eventually this stream will break out in the rear of that de- 
posit, also, and leave another ridge similar to the one now 
slowly settling down into position south of it. This first ridge 
south of the sub-glacial stream, with its ice still melting in ex- 
posed positions under its covering of gravel, can not be many 
years old. 
Still another sign of the recent date of this whole moraine 
appears at various places where water courses coming down from 
the mountain are depositing superficial deltas of debris upon the 
edge of the older glacial deposit. These deltas are very limited 
in “extent, though the annual deposition is by no means in- 
significant. At the southern apex of the moraine, three miles 
below the ice- front, and but one or two hundred yards from our 
camp, great quantities of debris came tearing down in repeated 
avalanches during a prolonged season of rain. Twenty-five 
years would be ample time for the formation of the cone of 
debris at the foot of this line of avalanches. Thus there can 
be no reasonable doubt that during the earlier part of this 
century the ice filled the inlet several miles farther down than 
now. And there can be scarcely less doubt that the glacier 
filled the inlet, as recently as that, 1,000 or 1,500 feet above its 
present level near the front. For the glacial debris and strize 
are very marked and fresh on both mountains flanking the 
upper part of the inlet up to 2,500 feet, and the evidences of an 
ice movement in the direction of the axis of the bay are not 
wanting as high as 3,700 feet on the eastern mountain, upon 
which I found fresh strize running north by south and directly 
past the summit, which rises 1 000, or 1,500 feet still higher just 
to the east. 
8. A Buried Forest. 
All this is necessary to a comprehension of one of the most 
interesting of problems, presented by the buried forests near the 
