L. L. Van Slyke—Kilauea after the Hruption of 1886. 95 
actually the case at the time of my visit. When we add to 
this the fact of the unsurveyed area of depression being in the 
line of these cracks, with the continued heat of portions of it 
and the number of steam jets there, the conclusion arrived at 
seems the more probable. 
In closing, I would acknowledge my indebtedness to the 
Hon. S. G. Wilder for substantial courtesies extended to me 
during my long stay at the Volcano house; also the use I 
have made of the excellent map of Kilauea, made by William 
T. Brigham in the year 1865, from which I have extensively 
copied, to show the relations of my survey to the general area 
of the crater. 
Il. Observations of L. L. Van StyKe, Professor of Chemistry 
and Natural Science and Government Chemistry, Honolulu, on 
Kilauea, in July, 1886. 
I made my first visit to the volcano of Kilauea last July, a 
little over three months after Mr. J. S. Emerson’s visit, and 
remained there from the 19th of July to the 24th. I descended 
twice into the crater, rainy weather preventing further observa- 
tions that had been planned. The first trip down was made on 
July 21st, when I remained in the crater from 10 A. M. until 
8 P. M.; my second visit, two days later, on July 23d, when I 
remained from 11 A.M. to 3 P.M. 
Great changes had taken place in the pit of the crater, 
Halema’uma’u, since Mr. Emerson’s visit. In the first place, a 
general upheaval had occurred in the center of Halema’uma’u; 
and, secondly, liquid lava had reappeared. 
The steam cracks described by Mr. Emerson were in about 
the same condition in July as at the time of his visit. The 
places on the map marked “ Furnace” and ‘‘Severin’s Furnace” 
were very warm inside, but the heat was not great enough to 
prevent one from going within and remaining a few minutes. 
Only one red-hot crack was seen, and this was not far from 
“Central Rock,” in the direction of ‘“ Halema’uma’u A.” 
Before speaking of the appearance and location of the places 
where molten lava could be seen, I will try to describe the 
appearance of the pit as I saw it and to indicate the changes 
that had occurred between April and July. 
At “Halema’uma’u A,” you are upon the brink of a _preci- 
pice several hundred feet high, indicated by the black line on 
the map, extending around southward beyond “ Halema’uma’u 
W ” on one side, and eastward to ‘‘ New Lake” on the other side. 
Just opposite this part, inside of the area bounded by this high 
precipice and nearly parallel to it, at a distance of perhaps from 
