100 FS. Dodge—Kulauea after the Eruption of 1886. 
change in the main walls of the larger pit. I think a small 
portion of the wall near the northeast corner has fallen in 
quite recently, covering a part of the new floor of pahoehoe 
with great masses of irregularly broken rock. As far as I was 
able to examine it, I could discover no other change in the out- 
line. But since the survey of March—April, there have been 
great and important changes going on zn the pit of Halemau’- 
ma’u, the present scene of activity in Kilauea. The approxi- 
mate center of the sunken tract is now occupied by an irregular 
pit or “ Jake”—surrounded by a range of hills, which were 
carefully located, but which prevented me from obtaining the 
exact size of the “lake.” This range of hills, or ridge, is 
nearly circular in form (see preceding figure), and the distance 
from summit to summit across the pit from northeast to south- 
west is 1080: feet, from east to west 1100 feet and 9380 feet 
from northwest to southeast. I was unable to learn the con- 
dition of the central pit from close personal observation, but 
from the flashes of light seen over it at night, I judged that 
there was some action, and the native guide, who had lately 
visited it, informed me that there was “ plenty fire.” 
In various places on the sides of the encircling hills, or ridge, 
which are formed of fine, loose material and angular blocks 
of stone, there were many openings which emitted dense, blu- 
ish white smoke, and steam under considerable pressure. The 
mouths of the openings were coated with deposits of sulphur 
and many of them glowed with red heat at night. The space 
between the base of these hills and the foot of the pali or wall, 
on all sides, was being filled gradually by small flows of pahoe- 
hoe from vents all over the floor of the pit. Around the base 
of the hills and at various points near the pali,-were many small 
«cones and “ blow-holes” which sent up quantities of smoke and 
steam. In the extreme eastern portion of the pit were immense 
blocks of lava piled up in confusion; and parts of the eastern 
wall that had fallen in at the time of the great collapse, but the 
remainder of the floor was nearly level and slowly rising. 
Outside the walls of the pit, in the Kilauea crater, I found 
only three or four localities where there were signs of any great 
heat below the surface. The first of these was in a small crack 
a few hundred feet west of Central Rock, and not far from the 
edge of the cliff—where the rock was red hot within two feet of 
the surface, and [ was told that it had been so for many 
months. At the eastern edge of the sunken area and directly 
north of New Lake were large openings to a tunnel that began 
near the ‘‘ Little Beggar,” and extended several hundred feet 
in a general northeast direction, and considerable heat was 
given out from cracks in its roof; and the same was the case in 
a small area directly south of the peninsula, between New 
Lake and Halema’uma’u. 
