J. J. Stevenson— Faults of Southwest Virginia. 269 
Bland and Smyth Counties, where the Garden fold is greatest, 
the strip of Lower Carboniferous is barely half a mile wide 
and the presence of both divisions is due only to a remarkable 
decrease in thickness of the Umbral. As the anticlinal dimin- 
ishes, the width of Lower Carboniferous increases; but the 
higher rocks are not reached, for within fifteen miles in Bland 
County, the fault cuts off the Kimberling anticlinal near its 
origin. : 
This fold rapidly increases in height and under its influence 
Lower Carboniferous rocks soon disappear from the downthrow 
side and the Knox is in contact with Lower Devonian near the 
line between Bland and Giles Counties. A third anticlinal, 
the Sinking Creek, is cut by the fault a little farther on; 
and as 16 increases in height, the Knox is ‘brought into contact 
wit the successive groups of the Upper Silurian, with the 
Hudson, the Trenton, and finally with the upper Knox before 
New River has been reached; while beyond that river, the 
diminution of the fold permits the presence of Trenton, Hud- 
son, and, before the eastern limit of Giles County has been 
reached, of Medina on the northerly side of the fault. 
The axes of these anticlinals are approximately parallel and 
make a considerable angle with the fault. 
A similar condition exists in the curious block within the 
Great Valley enclosed by the Walker Mountain, Draper 
Mountain, Max Meadows and Pulaski faults. The Walker 
Mountain fault cuts off, in succession, Lower Silurian, Upper 
Silurian and Devonian on the upthrow side, while on the 
downthrow side Umbral shales are shown continuously. 
Within the block is an anticlinal which apparently is in no 
way connected with any of the folds observed in the Knox 
beds outside of the block. 
The Great Cove fault of Fulton County, Pennsylvania, as 
described by the writer* shows, as far as it goes, equally well 
with the Saltville, this indifference to the course of the pre- 
existing folds. The Cove anticlinal, like the Garden axis, is 
an inverted canoe with its eroded cove surrounded by a wall of 
Medina. The fault, which holds a jagged wall of Medina in 
the crevice, makes but a small angle with the axis of the anti- 
*Second Geol. Surv. of Penn. Rep. on Bedford and Fulton Counties, p. 55. 
This reference affords an opportunity of satisfying the ‘‘long-felt want” of some 
acquaintances, who are at a loss to reconcile my maps of these counties as 
appended to the report with the maps of the same counties as given in the Geo- 
logical Atlas of Pennsylvania. The maps cannot be reconciled. Those appended 
to the geological report on the counties are by the writer, except in so faras they refer 
to the Broad Top region, and, except in so far as they refer to that region, they are 
fairly good. The maps in the Geological Atlas, though credited to me, were not 
made by me in any sense whatever; they were printed three years or more be- 
fore I even thought of doing any work in Bedford and Fulton Counties. 
